{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:12:58Z","timestamp":1784257978821,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the HOMFOR Foundation of Saarland University Medical School","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]},{"name":"the Else-Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius Stiftung","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]},{"name":"the Staatskanzlei Saarbr\u00fccken","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]},{"name":"the Centre of Digital Neurotechnologies Saar","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]},{"name":"the Werner-Zeh-Stiftung","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]},{"name":"the BMBF","award":["01GL1746D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL1746D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cord blood represents a link between intrauterine and early extrauterine development. Cord blood cells map an important time frame in human immune imprinting processes. It is unknown whether the sex of the newborn affects the lymphocyte subpopulations in the cord blood. Nine B and twenty-one T cell subpopulations were characterized using flow cytometry in human cord blood from sixteen male and twenty-one female newborns, respectively. Except for transitional B cells and na\u00efve B cells, frequencies of B cell counts across all subsets was higher in the cord blood of male newborns than in female newborns. The frequency of na\u00efve thymus-negative Th cells was significantly higher in male cord blood, whereas the remaining T cell subpopulations showed a higher count in the cord blood of female newborns. Our study is the first revealing sex differences in the B and T cell subpopulations of human cord blood. These results indicate that sex might have a higher impact for the developing immune system, urging the need to expand research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:35:04Z","timestamp":1689554104000},"page":"11511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sex Differences in the Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2607-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Bous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel Charlotte","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7620-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regine","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasenien","family":"Nourkami-Tutdibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tenbruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashar","family":"Haj Hamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1771-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2622-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich-Franz","family":"Solomayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Zemlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1005-4873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sybelle","family":"Goedicke-Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-078071","article-title":"B lymphocytes: How they develop and function","volume":"112","author":"LeBien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00588","article-title":"Mechanisms of Fetal T Cell Tolerance and Immune Regulation","volume":"11","author":"Rackaityte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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