{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:40:47Z","timestamp":1789926047777,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bradykinin (BK) metabolism and its receptors play a central role in drug-induced angioedema (AE) without urticaria through increased vascular permeability. Many cardiovascular and diabetic drugs may cause BK-mediated AE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and neprilysin inhibitors impair BK catabolism. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors reduce the breakdown of BK and substance P (SP). Moreover, angiotensin receptor blockers, thrombolytic agents, and statins may also induce BK-mediated AE. Understanding pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for preventing and treating drug-induced AE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1689801614000},"page":"11649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Bradykinin Metabolism and Drug-Induced Angioedema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Smolinska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"Antol\u00edn-Am\u00e9rigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin-Dan","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology \u201cNicolae Malaxa\u201d Clinical Hospital, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-5-39","article-title":"Emerging concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with undifferentiated angioedema","volume":"5","author":"Bernstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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