{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:07:22Z","timestamp":1791925642965,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":271,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","award":["HMRF 20212841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HMRF 20212841"]}]},{"name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","award":["2023A1515010641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010641"]}]},{"name":"Food and Health Bureau","award":["HMRF 20212841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HMRF 20212841"]}]},{"name":"Food and Health Bureau","award":["2023A1515010641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010641"]}]},{"name":"Vincent &amp; Lily Woo Foundation","award":["HMRF 20212841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HMRF 20212841"]}]},{"name":"Vincent &amp; Lily Woo Foundation","award":["2023A1515010641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010641"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation is the precursor for several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Targeting neuroinflammation has emerged as a promising strategy to address a wide range of CNS pathologies. These NDDs still present significant challenges in terms of limited and ineffective diagnosis and treatment options, driving the need to explore innovative and novel therapeutic alternatives. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that offer the potential for addressing these challenges through diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarize diagnostic and therapeutic aptamers for inflammatory biomolecules, as well as the inflammatory cells in NDDs. We also discussed the potential of short nucleotides for Aptamer-Based Targeted Brain Delivery through their unique features and modifications, as well as their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the unprecedented opportunities and substantial challenges of using aptamers as therapeutic agents, such as drug efficacy, safety considerations, and pharmacokinetics, are also discussed. Taken together, this review assesses the potential of aptamers as a pioneering approach for target delivery to the CNS and the treatment of neuroinflammation and NDDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:47:03Z","timestamp":1690159623000},"page":"11780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exploring the Potential of Aptamers in Targeting Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9752-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Hau-Yee","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aston Jiaxi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia Ka-Yi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0653-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie Ming-Ki","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis Shiying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7807-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"King-Ho","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2022.02.018","article-title":"The Aptamer Ob2, a novel AChE inhibitor, restores cognitive deficits and alleviates amyloidogenesis in 5\u00d7FAD transgenic mice","volume":"28","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. 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