{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:09:32Z","timestamp":1790132972619,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MND-MAB-D-112098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112098"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["CGH-MR-A11109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGH-MR-A11109"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MND-MAB-D-112098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112098"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense\u2014Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["CGH-MR-A11109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGH-MR-A11109"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-038-107-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2314-B-016-037-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2314-B-016-006-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST111-2314-B-281-003-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["MND-MAB-D-112098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112098"]}]},{"name":"Cathay General Hospital","award":["CGH-MR-A11109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGH-MR-A11109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is the major origin of ventricular arrhythmias, including premature ventricular contractions, idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, Brugada syndrome, torsade de pointes, long QT syndrome, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The RVOT has distinct developmental origins and cellular characteristics and a complex myocardial architecture with high shear wall stress, which may lead to its high vulnerability to arrhythmogenesis. RVOT myocytes are vulnerable to intracellular sodium and calcium overload due to calcium handling protein modulation, enhanced CaMKII activity, ryanodine receptor phosphorylation, and a higher cAMP level activated by predisposing factors or pathological conditions. A reduction in Cx43 and Scn5a expression may lead to electrical uncoupling in RVOT. The purpose of this review is to update the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of RVOT arrhythmogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:47:03Z","timestamp":1690159623000},"page":"11795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Electrical and Structural Insights into Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Arrhythmogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24257, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Kuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovacular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovacular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.15.1525","article-title":"Localization of optimal ablation site of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia from right and left ventricular outflow tract by body surface ECG","volume":"98","author":"Kamakura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.02365.x","article-title":"Site-specific arrhythmogenesis in patients with Brugada syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Morita","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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