{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T07:11:22Z","timestamp":1793949082964,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013704","name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1148439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1148439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis, resulting from the blood-borne spread of specific microorganisms, provoke nervous tissue damage due to the inflammatory process. Moreover, different pathologies such as sepsis can generate systemic inflammation. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of inflammatory mediators and damage molecules, which are then released into the bloodstream and can interact with structures such as the CNS, thus modifying the blood\u2013brain barrier\u2019s (BBB\u00b4s) and blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier\u00b4s (BCSFB\u00b4s) function and inducing aseptic neuroinflammation. During neuroinflammation, the participation of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) plays an important role. They release cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species, peptides, and even excitatory amino acids that lead to neuronal damage. The neurons undergo morphological and functional changes that could initiate functional alterations to neurodegenerative processes. The present work aims to explain these processes and the pathophysiological interactions involved in CNS damage in the absence of microbes or inflammatory cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:45:02Z","timestamp":1690332302000},"page":"11902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Effect of Systemic Inflammation in the CNS: A Silent History of Neuronal Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mara Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Mill\u00e1n Solano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u2019\u0131o Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Citlaltepetl","family":"Salinas Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garibay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5013-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis O.","family":"Soto-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itzel","family":"Escobedo-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Lilia","family":"Tena-Suck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Ort\u00edz-Butr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda de ENCB, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Chore\u00f1o-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u2019\u0131o Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pablo","family":"Romero-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red MEDICI, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Patog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Estela","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. 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