{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:59:09Z","timestamp":1782712749000,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A5A2029546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A5A2029546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1A2C1004636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A2C1004636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Castanopsis sieboldii (CS), a subtropical species, was reported to have antioxidant and antibacterial effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CS have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether the 70% ethanol extract of the CS leaf (CSL3) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and LPS and ATP-induced pyroptosis in macrophages. CSL3 treatment inhibited NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated cells. CSL3 antagonized NF-\u03baB and AP-1 activation, which was due to MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK) inhibition. CSL3 successfully decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased IL-1\u03b2 expression. CSL3 treatment diminished LPS and ATP-induced pore formation in GSDMD. The in vivo effect of CSL3 on acute liver injury was evaluated in a CCl4-treated mouse model. CCl4 treatment increased the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, which decreased by CSL3. In addition, CCl4-induced an increase in TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 levels decreased by CSL3 treatment. Furthermore, we verified that the CCl4-induced inflammasome and pyroptosis-related gene expression in liver tissue and release of IL-1\u03b2 into serum were suppressed by CSL3 treatment. Our results suggest that CSL3 protects against acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1690421266000},"page":"11982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Castanopsis sieboldii Extract Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Antagonizing Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jae Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam Seok","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2451-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changjong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Hwan","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c120026","article-title":"Kupffer cells in the liver","volume":"3","author":"Dixon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. 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