{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1788433374549,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-31"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["ZDYF2020052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020052"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["1630032022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630032022007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDYF2020052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1630032022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630032022007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science","award":["CARS-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-31"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science","award":["ZDYF2020052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020052"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science","award":["1630032022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630032022007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are an important kind of perennial fruit tree, but their biochemical testing method and transformation technology were insufficient and had not been rigorously explored. The protoplast technology is an excellent method for creating a rapid and effective tool for transient expression and transformation assays, particularly in plants that lack an Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system. This study optimized the conditions of the protoplast isolation and transformation system, which can provide a lot of help in the gene expression regulation study of mango. The most beneficial protoplast isolation conditions were 150 mg\/mL of cellulase R-10 and 180 mg\/mL of macerozyme R-10 in the digestion solution at pH 5.6 and 12 h of digestion time. The 0.16 M and 0.08 M mannitol in wash solution (WI) and suspension for counting (MMG), respectively, were optimal for the protoplast isolation yield. The isolated leaf protoplasts (~5.4 \u00d7 105 cells\/10 mL) were transfected for 30 min mediated by 40% calcium-chloride-based polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000-CaCl2, from which 84.38% of the protoplasts were transformed. About 0.08 M and 0.12 M of mannitol concentration in MMG and transfection solutions, respectively, were optimal for protoplast viability. Under the florescence signal, GFP was seen in the transformed protoplasts. This showed that the target gene was successfully induced into the protoplast and that it can be transcribed and translated. Experimental results in this paper show that our high-efficiency protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation protocols can provide excellent new methods for creating a rapid and effective tool for the molecular mechanism study of mangoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1690421266000},"page":"11984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Using A Protoplast Transformation System to Enable Functional Studies in Mangifera indica L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Owusu","family":"Adjei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3328-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixiong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2021.111746","article-title":"Physiological and molecular characterization of the late ripening stages in Mangifera indica cv Keitt","volume":"183","author":"Busatto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. 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