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of Loxosceles genus are widely distributed and their venoms contain phospholipases D (PLDs), which degrade phospholipids and trigger inflammatory responses, dermonecrosis, hematological changes, and renal injuries. Biochemical, functional, and structural properties of three recombinant PLDs from L. intermedia, L. laeta, and L. gaucho, the principal species clinically relevant in South America, were analyzed. Sera against L. gaucho and L. laeta PLDs strongly cross-reacted with other PLDs, but sera against L. intermedia PLD mostly reacted with homologous molecules, suggesting underlying structural and functional differences. PLDs presented a similar secondary structure profile but distinct melting temperatures. Different methods demonstrated that all PLDs cleave sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, but L. gaucho and L. laeta PLDs excelled. L. gaucho PLD showed greater \u201cin vitro\u201d hemolytic activity. L. gaucho and L. laeta PLDs were more lethal in assays with mice and crickets. Molecular dynamics simulations correlated their biochemical activities with differences in sequences and conformations of specific surface loops, which play roles in protein stability and in modulating interactions with the membrane. Despite the high similarity, PLDs from L. gaucho and L. laeta venoms are more active than L. intermedia PLD, requiring special attention from physicians when these two species prevail in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1690421266000},"page":"12006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Biochemical, Structural, and Functional Analysis of Recombinant Phospholipases D from Three Loxosceles Spider Venoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hanna C\u00e2mara","family":"da Justa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Enrique","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Multi-User Center for Biomolecular Innovation, State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05315-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Vuitika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (ICB-IV\/USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Barros","family":"Mariutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Multi-User Center for Biomolecular Innovation, State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05315-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Augusto Martinho","family":"Magnago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Rog\u00e9rio","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Multi-User Center for Biomolecular Innovation, State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05315-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7967-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Senff-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza Helena","family":"Gremski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2460-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghuvir Krishnaswamy","family":"Arni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Multi-User Center for Biomolecular Innovation, State University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05315-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio Sanches","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.08.028","article-title":"Loxoscelism: Old obstacles, new directions","volume":"44","author":"Hogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. 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