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This makes zebrafish an alternative model for studying the effects of energy disruption and nutritional quality on a wide range of behavioural aspects. Here, we used the zebrafish model to study how obesity induced by overfeeding regulates emotional and cognitive processes. Two groups of fish (n = 24 per group) were fed at 2% (CTRL) and 8% (overfeeding-induced obesity, OIO) for 8 weeks and tested for anxiety-like behaviour using the novel tank diving test (NTDT). Fish were first tested using a short-term memory test (STM) and then trained for four days for a long-term memory test (LTM). At the end of the experiment, fish were euthanised for biometric sampling, total lipid content, and triglyceride analysis. In addition, brains (eight per treatment) were dissected for HPLC determination of monoamines. Overfeeding induced faster growth and obesity, as indicated by increased total lipid content. OIO had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour. Animals were then tested for cognitive function (learning and memory) using the aversive learning test in Zantiks AD units. Results show that both OIO and CTRL animals were able to associate the aversive stimulus with the conditioned stimulus (conditioned learning), but OIO impaired STM regardless of fish sex, revealing the effects of obesity on cognitive processes in zebrafish. Obese fish did not show a deficiency in monoaminergic transmission, as revealed by quantification of total brain levels of dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites. This provides a reliable protocol for assessing the effect of metabolic disease on cognitive and behavioural function, supporting zebrafish as a model for behavioural and cognitive neuroscience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:06:44Z","timestamp":1690880804000},"page":"12316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Obesity Impairs Cognitive Function with No Effects on Anxiety-like Behaviour in Zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-0335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Godino-Gimeno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Castellon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per-Ove","family":"Th\u00f6rnqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1917-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Chivite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a, Laboratorio de Fisiolox\u00eda Animal, Departamento de Biolox\u00eda Funcional e Ciencias da Sa\u00fade, Facultade de Biolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3474-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas M.","family":"M\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a, Laboratorio de Fisiolox\u00eda Animal, Departamento de Biolox\u00eda Funcional e Ciencias da Sa\u00fade, Facultade de Biolox\u00eda, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svante","family":"Winberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Cerd\u00e1-Reverter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Castellon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746299","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.746299","article-title":"Cr\u00e8me de La Cr\u00e9ature: Dietary Influences on Behavior in Animal Models","volume":"15","author":"Sarangi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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