{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:02:21Z","timestamp":1792789341957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KBK 075 0110 47 1 S7 24600 621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KBK 075 0110 47 1 S7 24600 621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic brain injuries account for 30\u201350% of all physical traumas and are the most common pathological diseases of the brain. Mechanical damage of brain tissue leads to the disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier and the massive death of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. These events trigger a neuroinflammatory response and neurodegenerative processes locally and in distant parts of the brain and promote cognitive impairment. Effective instruments to restore neural tissue in traumatic brain injury are lacking. Glial cells are the main auxiliary cells of the nervous system, supporting homeostasis and ensuring the protection of neurons through contact and paracrine mechanisms. The glial cells\u2019 secretome may be considered as a means to support the regeneration of nervous tissue. Consequently, this study focused on the therapeutic efficiency of composite proteins with a molecular weight of 5\u2013100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. The characterization of proteins below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Therapeutic effects were assessed by neurological outcomes, measurement of the damage volume by MRI, and an evaluation of the neurodegenerative, apoptotic, and inflammation markers in different areas of the brain. Intranasal infusions of the composite protein product facilitated the functional recovery of the experimental animals by decreasing the inflammation and apoptotic processes, preventing neurodegenerative processes by reducing the amounts of phosphorylated Tau isoforms Ser396 and Thr205. Consistently, our findings support the further consideration of glial secretomes for clinical use in TBI, notably in such aspects as dose-dependent effects and standardization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:04:38Z","timestamp":1690974278000},"page":"12341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Therapeutic Efficiency of Proteins Secreted by Glial Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana I.","family":"Salikhova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria V.","family":"Golovicheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur Kh.","family":"Fatkhudinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \u201cPetrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery\u201d, 117418 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia A.","family":"Shevtsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9158-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna G.","family":"Soboleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \u201cPetrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery\u201d, 117418 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill V.","family":"Goryunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Dyakonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria O.","family":"Mokroysova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9967-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia S.","family":"Mingaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7415-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita O.","family":"Shedenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg V.","family":"Makhnach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey I.","family":"Kutsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Chekhonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, 119034 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis N.","family":"Silachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Goldshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.034","article-title":"Reactive gliosis and the multicellular response to CNS damage and disease","volume":"81","author":"Burda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001852","article-title":"Prognosis of diffuse axonal injury with traumatic brain injury","volume":"85","author":"Humble","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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