{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T14:40:21Z","timestamp":1791729621434,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing several defence mechanisms as a response to such damage; otherwise, their destiny is cell death. Since cyanobacteria are primary biotic components and also important biomass producers, any drastic effects caused by UVR may imbalance the entire ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are exposed to UVR in their natural habitats. This exposure can cause oxidative stress which affects cellular morphology and vital processes such as cell growth and differentiation, pigmentation, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and enzyme activity, as well as alterations in the native structure of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The high resilience and several mitigation strategies adopted by a cyanobacterial community in the face of UV stress are attributed to the activation of several photo\/dark repair mechanisms, avoidance, scavenging, screening, antioxidant systems, and the biosynthesis of UV photoprotectants, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), scytonemin (Scy), carotenoids, and polyamines. This knowledge can be used to develop new strategies for protecting other organisms from the harmful effects of UVR. The review critically reports the latest updates on various resilience and defence mechanisms employed by cyanobacteria to withstand UV-stressed environments. In addition, recent developments in the field of the molecular biology of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin and the possible role of programmed cell death, signal perception, and transduction under UVR stress are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T11:08:43Z","timestamp":1691060923000},"page":"12381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Resilience and Mitigation Strategies of Cyanobacteria under Ultraviolet Radiation Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varsha K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0847-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sapana","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6068-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palak","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonal","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh C.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taurmed Technologies Pvt Ltd., 304, Pearl\u2019s Business Park, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi 110034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taurmed Technologies Pvt Ltd., 304, Pearl\u2019s Business Park, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi 110034, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8821-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Upadhye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0112-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeshwar P.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India"},{"name":"University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Chandigarh 140413, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.05.004","article-title":"Cyanobacteria and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) stress: Mitigation strategies","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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