{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:13:57Z","timestamp":1792602837709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orofacial pain represents a multidisciplinary biomedical challenge involving basic and clinical research for which no satisfactory solution has been found. In this regard, trigeminal pain is described as one of the worst pains perceived, leaving the patient with no hope for the future. The aim of this review is to evaluate the latest discoveries on the involvement of neurotrophins in orofacial nociception, describing their role and expression in peripheral tissues, trigeminal ganglion, and trigeminal nucleus considering their double nature as \u201csupporters\u201d of the nervous system and as \u201cpromoters\u201d of nociceptive transmission. In order to scan recent literature (last ten years), three independent researchers referred to databases PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to find original research articles and clinical trials. The researchers selected 33 papers: 29 original research articles and 4 clinical trials. The results obtained by the screening of the selected articles show an interesting trend, in which the precise modulation of neurotrophin signaling could switch neurotrophins from being a \u201cpromoter\u201d of pain to their beneficial neurotrophic role of supporting the nerves in their recovery, especially when a structural alteration is present, as in neuropathic pain. In conclusion, neurotrophins could be interesting targets for orofacial pain modulation but more studies are necessary to clarify their role for future application in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T09:27:48Z","timestamp":1691141268000},"page":"12438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Role of Neurotrophins in Orofacial Pain Modulation: A Review of the Latest Discoveries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bonomini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Orofacial Pain (Societ\u00e0 Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale\u2014SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Castrezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Borsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental University Center of Research \u201cAdaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)\u201d, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Orofacial Pain (Societ\u00e0 Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale\u2014SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynch, M.E., Craig, K.D., and Peng, P.W. 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