{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:14:28Z","timestamp":1790460868046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction"},{"name":"Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing continuously, influencing metabolic parameters and fertility. The metabolic changes due to IR can alter the molecular composition of plasma and other body fluids. Follicular fluid (FF) is derived mainly from plasma, and it is a critical microenvironment for the developing oocytes. It contains various metabolites and amino acids, and the quality of the oocytes is linked at least partially to amino acid metabolism. Our goal was to quantitatively determine the amino acid (AA) profile of FF in IVF patients and to compare IR and non-insulin resistance (NIR) groups to investigate the AA changes in their FF. Using UHPLC-based methods, we quantified the main 20 amino acids from human FF samples in the IR and NIR groups. Several amino acids (aspartate, glycine, glutamate, and cysteine) differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05 or less) between the two groups. The most significant alterations between the IR and NIR groups were related to the glutathione metabolic pathway involving glycine, serine, and threonine. Since insulin resistance alters the amino acid composition of the FF, the oocytes may undergo metabolism-induced changes resulting in poor oocyte quality and less fertility in the insulin resistance groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T10:21:39Z","timestamp":1691230899000},"page":"12458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Amino Acid Profiling of Follicular Fluid in Assisted Reproduction Reveals Important Roles of Several Amino Acids in Patients with Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Csilla","family":"Kurdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Center, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 20, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessza","family":"Lelovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1vid","family":"Hesszenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"Lajtai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Herczeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Center, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 20, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"G\u00f6d\u00f6ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, \u00c9desany\u00e1k \u00fatja 17, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Mauchart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, \u00c9desany\u00e1k \u00fatja 17, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"V\u00e1rnagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, \u00c9desany\u00e1k \u00fatja 17, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor L.","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Center, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 20, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"K\u0151szegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Center, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 20, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g u. 13, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9737","article-title":"The complex relationship between infertility and psychological distress (Review)","volume":"21","author":"Simionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. 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