{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:17:38Z","timestamp":1792685858838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cornea is the window through which we see the world. Corneal clarity is required for vision, and blindness occurs when the cornea becomes opaque. The cornea is covered by unique transparent epithelial cells that serve as an outermost cellular barrier bordering between the cornea and the external environment. Corneal sensory nerves protect the cornea from injury by triggering tearing and blink reflexes, and are also thought to regulate corneal epithelial renewal via unknown mechanism(s). When protective corneal sensory innervation is absent due to infection, trauma, intracranial tumors, surgery, or congenital causes, permanent blindness results from repetitive epithelial microtraumas and failure to heal. The condition is termed neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), with an incidence of 5:10,000 people worldwide. In this report, we review the currently available therapeutic solutions for NK and discuss the progress in our understanding of how the sensory nerves induce corneal epithelial renewal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:08:59Z","timestamp":1691575739000},"page":"12615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Role of Sensory Innervation in Homeostatic and Injury-Induced Corneal Epithelial Renewal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Tajdaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaveh","family":"Mirmoeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8130-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simeon C.","family":"Daeschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Hospital, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Henriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn E.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chilando M.","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedram","family":"Hamrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7691-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory H.","family":"Borschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.04.002","article-title":"Stem Cells in the Cornea","volume":"134","author":"Hertsenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. 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