{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:08:09Z","timestamp":1788988089482,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U1812401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1812401"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32260393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260393"]}]},{"name":"Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","award":["U1812401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1812401"]}]},{"name":"Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","award":["32260393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260393"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["U1812401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1812401"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["32260393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260393"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, petal blight disease caused by pathogens has become increasingly epidemic in Rhododendron. Breeding disease-resistant rhododendron is considered to be a more environmentally friendly strategy than is the use of chemical reagents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the response mechanisms of rhododendron varieties to petal blight, using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Specifically, we monitored changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in Rhododendron \u2018Xiaotaohong\u2019 petals infected with the Alternaria sp. strain (MR-9). The infection of MR-9 led to the development of petal blight and induced significant changes in gene transcription. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in the plant\u2013pathogen interaction pathway. These DEGs were involved in carrying out stress responses, with genes associated with H2O2 production being up-regulated during the early and late stages of infection. Correspondingly, H2O2 accumulation was detected in the vicinity of the blight lesions. In addition, defense-related genes, including PR and FRK, exhibited significant up-regulated expression during the infection by MR-9. In the late stage of the infection, we also observed significant changes in differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. Notably, the levels of euscaphic acid, ganoderol A, (\u2212)-cinchonidine, and theophylline in infected petals were 21.8, 8.5, 4.5, and 4.3 times higher, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that H2O2, defense-related genes, and DAM accumulation are involved in the complex response mechanisms of Rhododendron \u2018Xiaotaohong\u2019 petals to MR-9 infection. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of petal blight disease and may have practical implications for developing disease-resistant rhododendron varieties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1691749216000},"page":"12695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early and Late Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses of Rhododendron \u2018Xiaotaohong\u2019 Petals to Infection with Alternaria sp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xi-Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Lun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2068-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5854-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s42965-022-00219-z","article-title":"Species diversity of rhododendron shrub communities and utilization of rhododendron resources in urban green spaces of Nanjing","volume":"63","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. 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