{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:05:02Z","timestamp":1792605902984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K10240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K10240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is one of the most promising implant materials for hard tissues due to its similar elastic modulus; however, usage of PEEK is still limited owing to its biological inertness and low osteoconductivity. The objective of the study was to provide PEEK with the ability to sustain the release of growth factors and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The PEEK surface was sandblasted and modified with polydopamine (PDA). Moreover, successful sandblasting and PDA modification of the PEEK surface was confirmed through physicochemical characterization. The gelatin hydrogel was then chemically bound to the PEEK by adding a solution of glutaraldehyde and gelatin to the surface of the PDA-modified PEEK. The binding and degradation of the gelatin hydrogel with PEEK (GPEEK) were confirmed, and the GPEEK mineralization was observed in simulated body fluid. Sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was observed in GPEEK. When cultured on GPEEK with BMP-2, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exhibited osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that PEEK with a gelatin hydrogel incorporating BMP-2 is a promising substrate for bone tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:13:57Z","timestamp":1692008037000},"page":"12741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Bioactive Polyetheretherketone with Gelatin Hydrogel Leads to Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ichiro","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuhei","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Creative and Integrated Medicine, Advanced Medicine Research Center, Translational Research Institute for Medical Innovation (TRIMI), Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Nishiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7082-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00215-7","article-title":"Enhancement of Bone Defect Healing in Old Rats by TGF-\u03b2 and IGF-1","volume":"37","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. 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