{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:57:32Z","timestamp":1788357452359,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular liver disorders (VLDs) comprise a wide spectrum of clinical-pathological entities that primarily affect the hepatic vascular system of both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. VLDs more frequently involve the portal and the hepatic veins, as well as liver sinusoids, resulting in an imbalance of liver homeostasis with serious consequences, such as the development of portal hypertension and liver fibrosis. Surprisingly, many VLDs are characterized by a prothrombotic phenotype. The molecular mechanisms that cause thrombosis in VLD are only partially explained by the alteration in the Virchow\u2019s triad (hypercoagulability, blood stasis, and endothelial damage) and nowadays their pathogenesis is incompletely described and understood. Studies about this topic have been hampered by the low incidence of VLDs in the general population and by the absence of suitable animal models. Recently, the role of coagulation imbalance in liver disease has been postulated as one of the main mechanisms linked to fibrogenesis, so a novel interest in vascular alterations of the liver has been renewed. This review provides a detailed analysis of the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of VLD. We also focus on the promising role of anticoagulation as a strategy to prevent liver complications and to improve the outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:13:57Z","timestamp":1692008037000},"page":"12754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Liver Diseases: Focus on Thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Giuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pallozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Ponziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Santopaolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell\u2019Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (2015). 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