{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:22:30Z","timestamp":1790050950168,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K06646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K06646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRCT5-RSA63015-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRCT5-RSA63015-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A650352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A650352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["22K06646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K06646"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["NRCT5-RSA63015-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRCT5-RSA63015-07"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["N42A650352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A650352"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current drugs for treating heart failure (HF), for example, angiotensin II receptor blockers and \u03b2-blockers, possess specific target molecules involved in the regulation of the cardiac circulatory system. However, most clinically approved drugs are effective in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Novel drug classes, including angiotensin receptor blocker\/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator\/activator, and cardiac myosin activator, have recently been introduced for HF intervention based on their proposed novel mechanisms. SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to be effective not only for HFrEF but also for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In the myocardium, excess cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation has detrimental effects on HFrEF, whereas cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling inhibits cAMP-mediated responses. Thus, molecules participating in cGMP signaling are promising targets of novel drugs for HF. In this review, we summarize molecular pathways of cGMP signaling and clinical trials of emerging drug classes targeting cGMP signaling in the treatment of HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T09:57:02Z","timestamp":1692179822000},"page":"12866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["New Therapeutics for Heart Failure: Focusing on cGMP Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supachoke","family":"Mangmool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratchanee","family":"Duangrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7851-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warisara","family":"Parichatikanond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kurose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e895","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000749","article-title":"cGMP signaling and modulation in heart failure","volume":"75","author":"Blanton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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