{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:11:37Z","timestamp":1793765497634,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":298,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and can cause serious organ damage and fatalities following chronic red blood cell transfusions in patients of many conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, myelodyspasia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar toxicity of excess body iron load but at a slower rate of disease progression is found in idiopathic haemochromatosis patients. Excess iron deposition in different regions of the brain with suspected toxicity has been identified by MRI T2* and similar methods in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Based on its role as the major biological catalyst of free radical reactions and the Fenton reaction, iron has also been implicated in all diseases associated with free radical pathology and tissue damage. Furthermore, the recent discovery of ferroptosis, which is a cell death program based on free radical generation by iron and cell membrane lipid oxidation, sparked thousands of investigations and the association of iron with cardiac, kidney, liver, and many other diseases, including cancer and infections. The toxicity implications of iron in a labile, non-protein bound form and its complexes with dietary molecules such as vitamin C and drugs such as doxorubicin and other xenobiotic molecules in relation to carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity are also discussed. In each case and form of iron toxicity, the mechanistic insights, diagnostic criteria, and molecular interactions are essential for the design of new and effective therapeutic interventions and of future targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, this approach has been successful for the treatment of most iron loading conditions and especially for the transition of thalassemia from a fatal to a chronic disease due to new therapeutic protocols resulting in the complete elimination of iron overload and of iron toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:14:38Z","timestamp":1692353678000},"page":"12928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George J.","family":"Kontoghiorghes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3, Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18671","article-title":"Thalassaemia\u2014A global view","volume":"201","author":"Hokland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.01.020","article-title":"Iron Overload Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Prevalence, Severity, and Management in Children and Adolescents with Malignant and Nonmalignant Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Cattoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30152","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30152","article-title":"Trends in blood transfusion, hydroxyurea use, and iron overload among children with sickle cell disease enrolled in Medicaid, 2004\u20132019","volume":"70","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011577","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011577.pub2","article-title":"Comparison of a restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion policy for patients with myelodysplasia, aplastic anaemia, and other congenital bone marrow failure disorders","volume":"2015","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Styczy\u0144ski, J., S\u0142omka, A., \u0141\u0119cka, M., Albrecht, K., Romiszewski, M., Pogorza\u0142a, M., Kubicka, M., Kury\u0142o-Rafi\u0144ska, B., Tejza, B., and Gadomska, G. (2023). Soluble Hemojuvelin and Ferritin: Potential Prognostic Markers in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041041"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-2997(83)90004-3","article-title":"Iron overload","volume":"6","author":"Iancu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13935","article-title":"Iron chelation therapy","volume":"110","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26911","article-title":"Longitudinal effect of disease-modifying therapy on left ventricular diastolic function in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"98","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90264-X","article-title":"Survival and causes of death in thalassaemia major","volume":"2","author":"Zurlo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12347","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnostic testing for hemochromatosis and iron overload","volume":"37","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000844","article-title":"MRI of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation","volume":"33","author":"Roze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05195.x","article-title":"Prophylactic use of deferiprone (L1) and magnetic resonance imaging T2* or T2 for preventing heart disease in thalassaemia","volume":"127","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S79458","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of iron-chelation therapy with deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox for the treatment of iron-loaded patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Survival of medically treated thalassemia patients in Cyprus. Trends and risk factors over the period 1980\u20132004","volume":"91","author":"Telfer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"261","article-title":"A synopsis of current care of thalassaemia major patients in Hong Kong","volume":"17","author":"Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2011.07.002","article-title":"Iron chelation therapy in thalassemia major: A systematic review with meta-analyses of 1520 patients included on randomized clinical trials","volume":"47","author":"Maggio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12939","article-title":"The aim of iron chelation therapy in thalassaemia","volume":"99","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02829934","article-title":"A precious metal: Iron, an essential nutrient for all cells","volume":"1","author":"Cairo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2450\/2019.0217-18","article-title":"Red blood cell storage lesion: Causes and potential clinical consequences","volume":"17","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J., and Kontoghiorghe, C.N. (2020). Iron and Chelation in Biochemistry and Medicine: New Approaches to Controlling Iron Metabolism and Treating Related Diseases. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061456"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360701713104","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Iron Homeostasis: Mechanistic and Health Aspects","volume":"45","author":"Galaris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"598","article-title":"Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now?","volume":"119","author":"Halliwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604738","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.604738","article-title":"The Redox Balance and Membrane Shedding in RBC Production, Maturation, and Senescence","volume":"12","author":"Fibach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01607","article-title":"Erythrocyte Aging, Protection via Vesiculation: An Analysis Methodology via Oscillatory Flow","volume":"9","author":"Asaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00365","article-title":"Red blood cell vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemia","volume":"4","author":"Alaarg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840995","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.840995","article-title":"Deciphering the Relationship Between Free and Vesicular Hemoglobin in Stored Red Blood Cell Units","volume":"13","author":"Tzounakas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/104454902753759717","article-title":"Hemopexin: Structure, Function, and Regulation","volume":"21","author":"Tolosano","year":"2002","journal-title":"DNA Cell Boil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23623","article-title":"Haptoglobin testing in hemolysis: Measurement and interpretation","volume":"89","author":"Shih","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"704","article-title":"Inherited haemoglobin disorders: An increasing global health problem","volume":"79","author":"Weatherall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(1983). Community control of hereditary anaemias: Memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull. World Health Organ., 61, 63\u201380."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"95","article-title":"The impact and disease burden of thalassemia in Thailand: A population-based study in 2010","volume":"95","author":"Teawtrakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thail."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92175-5","article-title":"Iron absorption and loading in beta-thalassaemia intermedia","volume":"2","author":"Pippard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V71.4.1124.1124","article-title":"The effect of erythroid hyperplasia on iron balance","volume":"71","author":"Pootrakul","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2010.486335","article-title":"Iron Chelation Therapy in Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Thalassemia Intermedia: Regulatory and Non Regulatory Mechanisms of Increased Iron Absorption","volume":"34","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774463030","article-title":"Molecular Factors and Mechanisms Affecting Iron and Other Metal Excretion or Absorption in Health and Disease. The Role of Natural and Synthetic Chelators","volume":"12","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10489.x","article-title":"Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype: Thalassemia Intermediaa","volume":"850","author":"Galanello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06654.x","article-title":"Modern treatment of thalassaemia intermedia","volume":"138","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2009.69","article-title":"Variable Clinical Phenotypes of \u03b1-Thalassemia Syndromes","volume":"9","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbe1403018","article-title":"Benefits and Risks in Polypathology and Polypharmacotherapy Challenges in the Era of the Transition of Thalassaemia from a Fatal to a Chronic or Curable Disease","volume":"14","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.150250","article-title":"Late effects of blood and marrow transplantation","volume":"102","author":"Inamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00028-9","article-title":"Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT). One million haemopoietic stem-cell transplants: A retrospective observational study","volume":"2","author":"Gratwohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.01.009","article-title":"Current Results and Future Research Priorities in Late Effects after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia: A Consensus Statement from the Second Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium International Conference on Late Effects after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Shenoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2019.1647778","article-title":"Novel therapies in low- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Germing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricci, A., Di Betto, G., Bergamini, E., Buzzetti, E., Corradini, E., and Ventura, P. (2022). Iron Metabolism in the Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090819"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.12.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial iron metabolism and its role in diseases","volume":"513","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, S., Genevieve, F., Rault, E., Fenneteau, O., and Lesesve, J.-F. (2022). When Ring Sideroblasts on Bone Marrow Smears Are Inconsistent with the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071752"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2018.08.006","article-title":"Pathophysiology and classification of iron overload diseases; update 2018","volume":"26","author":"Brissot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13820","article-title":"Ineffective erythropoiesis and regulation of iron status in iron loading anaemias","volume":"172","author":"Camaschella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723953","article-title":"Burden of genetic disorders in India","volume":"67","author":"Verma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gozzelino, R., and Arosio, P. (2016). Iron Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010130"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155804","article-title":"Current understanding of iron homeostasis","volume":"106","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1112780","article-title":"Closing the iron gate","volume":"366","author":"Andrews","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000132","article-title":"New insights into iron regulation and erythropoiesis","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2019.118535","article-title":"Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: An intimate relationship","volume":"1866","author":"Galaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774462969","article-title":"Structure\/Function Overview of Proteins Involved in Iron Storage and Transport","volume":"12","author":"Sargent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12223","DOI":"10.1021\/ic400484n","article-title":"Ferritin: The Protein Nanocage and Iron Biomineral in Health and in Disease","volume":"52","author":"Theil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0354(92)90011-E","article-title":"Ferritin and hemosiderin in pathological tissues","volume":"5","author":"Iancu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electron Microsc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denisov, E.T., and Afanas\u2019Ev, I.B. (2005). Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology, Taylor and Francis group.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420030853"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Rice-Evans, C. (1987). Iron Chelation in Biochemistry and Medicine, Rechelieu Press. Free radicals, oxidant stress and drug action."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931844","article-title":"Some current insights into oxidative stress","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2019.06.010","article-title":"Iron homeostasis and iron-regulated ROS in cell death, senescence and human diseases","volume":"1863","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/03630260903212233","article-title":"The Role of Labile Iron in Kidney Disease and Treatment with Chelation","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774463021","article-title":"Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Associated Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Disease States","volume":"12","author":"Reeder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6803","article-title":"Redox and Peroxidase Activities of the Hemoglobin Superfamily: Relevance to Health and Disease","volume":"26","author":"Reeder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"91","article-title":"An intracellular transit iron pool","volume":"51","author":"Jacobs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ciba. Found Symp."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3109\/03630260903217141","article-title":"Risk\/Benefit Assessment, Advantages Over Other Drugs and Targeting Methods in the Use of Deferiprone as a Pharmaceutical Antioxidant in Iron Loading and Non Iron Loading Conditions","volume":"33","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1631284","article-title":"Prospects for the introduction of targeted antioxidant drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to free radical pathology","volume":"28","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.158","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Process and function","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2194-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of ferroptosis","volume":"73","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00992","article-title":"The Role of Ferroptosis in Cancer Development and Treatment Response","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841724","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.841724","article-title":"The Research Landscape of Ferroptosis in Cancer: A Bibliometric Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04927-1","article-title":"Regulatory pathways and drugs associated with ferroptosis in tumors","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202100334","article-title":"Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemmedchem"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992734","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.992734","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A mixed blessing for infectious diseases","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110107","article-title":"The multifaceted role of ferroptosis in kidney diseases","volume":"365","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Interactions"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01183-2","article-title":"Emerging roles of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175133","article-title":"Therapeutic Insights on Ferroptosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"930","author":"Thapa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12958","article-title":"Fatal lymphocytic cardiac damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Autopsy reveals a ferroptosis signature","volume":"7","author":"Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2022). Deferiprone: A Forty-Year-Old Multi-Targeting Drug with Possible Activity against COVID-19 and Diseases of Similar Symptomatology. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126735"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04775-z","article-title":"Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.95","article-title":"Ferroptosis is an autophagic cell death process","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2201704","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202201704","article-title":"A Triple Therapeutic Strategy with Antiexosomal Iron Efflux for Enhanced Ferroptosis Therapy and Immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1187366","article-title":"Autophagy promotes ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2064-5","article-title":"ROS-mediated autophagy increases intracellular iron levels and ferroptosis by ferritin and transferrin receptor regulation","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120050118549","article-title":"Ultrastructural pathology of the heart in patients with beta-thalassaemia major","volume":"24","author":"Kyriacou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrastruct. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iancu, T.C., Neustein, H.B., and Landing, B.H. (1977). The Liver in Thalassaemia Major: Ultra-Structural Observations. Ciba Foundation Symposium 51-Iron Metabolism, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720325.ch14"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/03630260701726491","article-title":"Myocyte Damage and Loss of Myofibers is the Potential Mechanism of Iron Overload Toxicity in Congestive Cardiac Failure in Thalassemia. Complete Reversal of the Cardiomyopathy and Normalization of Iron Load by Deferiprone","volume":"32","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2741\/s498","article-title":"New targeted therapies and diagnostic methods for iron overload diseases","volume":"10","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.10915","article-title":"Heart disease in thalassemia intermedia: A review of the underlying pathophysiology","volume":"92","author":"Aessopos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"554","article-title":"Cardiac pathology in 47 patients with beta thalassaemia\/haemoglobin E","volume":"15","author":"Sonakul","year":"1984","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mancuso, A. (2020). Evidence-based medicine and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thalassemia. BMC Gastroenterol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01542-2"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18535","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in young patients with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT), understanding the role of steatosis","volume":"200","author":"Ricchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199608000-00019","article-title":"Reproductive health in patients with beta-thalassemia","volume":"8","author":"Tolis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01988.x","article-title":"Reduced insulin secretion in normoglycaemic patients with \u03b2-thalassaemia major","volume":"23","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2047981613477401","article-title":"Iron deposits in the knee joints of a thalassemic patient","volume":"2","author":"Economides","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Radiol. Short Rep."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02662506","article-title":"T2 relaxation time study of iron overload in b-thalassemia","volume":"6","author":"Mavrogeni","year":"1998","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2822","article-title":"Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1345.045","article-title":"T2* Magnetic Resonance and Myocardial Iron in Thalassemia","volume":"1054","author":"Pennell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3109\/03630260903213231","article-title":"Uses and Limitations of Serum Ferritin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 and T2* in the Diagnosis of Iron Overload and in the Ferrikinetics of Normalization of the Iron Stores in Thalassemia Using the International Committee on Chelation Deferiprone\/Deferoxamine Combination Protocol","volume":"33","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06082.x","article-title":"Severe infections in thalassaemic patients: Prevalence and predisposing factors","volume":"133","author":"Rahav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.07.002","article-title":"Iron availability and infection","volume":"1790","author":"Weinberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2010.483662","article-title":"The Role of Iron and Chelators on Infections in Iron Overload and Non Iron Loaded Conditions: Prospects for the Design of New Antimicrobial Therapies","volume":"34","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2012.735278","article-title":"The importance of spleen, spleen iron, and splenectomy for determining total body iron load, ferrikinetics, and iron toxicity in thalassemia major patients","volume":"23","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1159\/000438479","article-title":"Higher Serum Ferritin Levels Correlate with an Increased Risk of Cutaneous Morbidity in Adult Patients with \u03b2-Thalassemia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study","volume":"135","author":"Skandalis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000089475","article-title":"Development of Thalassaemic Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy despite Low Liver Iron Levels and Meticulous Compliance to Desferrioxamine","volume":"115","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/03630260600642542","article-title":"Low Serum Ferritin Levels are Misleading for Detecting Cardiac Iron Overload and Increase the Risk of Cardiomyopathy in Thalassemia Patients. The Importance of Cardiac Iron Overload Monitoring Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 and T2*","volume":"30","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21707","article-title":"Assessment of iron distribution between liver, spleen, pancreas, bone marrow, and myocardium by means of R2 relaxometry with MRI in patients with beta-thalassemia major","volume":"29","author":"Papakonstantinou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2012.727198","article-title":"Liver iron and serum ferritin levels are misleading for estimating cardiac, pancreatic, splenic and total body iron load in thalassemia patients: Factors influencing the heterogenic distribution of excess storage iron in organs as identified by MRI T2*","volume":"23","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21099","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of transfusion iron overload: The role of imaging","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06695.x","article-title":"Myocardial iron loading by magnetic resonance imaging T2* in good prognostic myelodysplastic syndrome patients on long-term blood transfusions","volume":"138","author":"Chacko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21666","article-title":"Spleen R2 and R2* in iron-overloaded patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia major","volume":"29","author":"Bs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.138255","article-title":"Dietary and pharmacological factors affecting iron absorption in mice and man (Comment for a Letter to the editor)","volume":"101","author":"Kontoghiorghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2011.576153","article-title":"Efficacy, Compliance and Toxicity Factors Are Affecting the Rate of Normalization of Body Iron Stores in Thalassemia Patients Using The Deferiprone and Deferoxamine Combination Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2017060","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2017.060","article-title":"Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) in two Thalassaemia Patients Caused by the Same Multiparous Blood Donor","volume":"9","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton, J.C., and Edwards, C.Q. (2000). Hemochromatosis: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511666476"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0896-399","article-title":"A novel MHC class I\u2013like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis","volume":"13","author":"Feder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra031573","article-title":"Hereditary Hemochromatosis\u2014A New Look at an Old Disease","volume":"350","author":"Pietrangelo","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073286","article-title":"Iron-overload-related disease in HFE hereditary hemochromatosis","volume":"358","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2023). The Vital Role Played by Deferiprone in the Transition of Thalassaemia from a Fatal to a Chronic Disease and Challenges in Its Repurposing for Use in Non-Iron-Loaded Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071016"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01244-7","article-title":"Iron overload in the HCT patient: A review","volume":"56","author":"Tenneti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2020.1719359","article-title":"How to manage iron toxicity in post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?","volume":"13","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meloni, A., Pistoia, L., Gamberini, M.R., Ricchi, P., Cecinati, V., Sorrentino, F., Cuccia, L., All\u00f2, M., Righi, R., and Fina, P. (2021). The Link of Pancreatic Iron with Glucose Metabolism and Cardiac Iron in Thalassemia Intermedia: A Large, Multicenter Observational Study. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235561"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5334\/jbsr.2771","article-title":"The Dark Pituitary: Hemochromatosis as a Lesser-Known Cause of Pituitary Dysfunction","volume":"106","author":"Verberckmoes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Belg. Soc. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000645","article-title":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance at 3.0\u2009T in Patients with C282Y Homozygous Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Superiority of Radial and Circumferential Strain Over Cardiac T2* Measurements at Baseline and at Post Venesection Follow-up","volume":"37","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.939157","article-title":"Relationship between Iron deposition and T lymphocytes in children with \u03b2-thalassemia with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aboobacker, F.N., Dixit, G., Lakshmi, K.M., Korula, A., Abraham, A., George, B., Mathews, V., and Srivastava, A. (2021). Outcome of iron reduction therapy in ex-thalassemics. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238793"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.159.2.3961182","article-title":"Parkinson plus syndrome: Diagnosis using high field MR imaging of brain iron","volume":"159","author":"Drayer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"237","article-title":"Brain iron in patients with Parkinson disease: MR visualization using gradient modification","volume":"9","author":"Norfray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.1.108","article-title":"Does signal-attenuation on high-field T2-weighted MRI of the brain reflect regional cerebral iron deposition? Observations on the relationship between regional cerebral water proton T2 values and iron levels","volume":"52","author":"Brooks","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90047-7","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of brain iron in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and normal subjects using MRI","volume":"35","author":"Bartzokis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6450.961","article-title":"Increased storage of iron and anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: Usefulness of desferrioxamine","volume":"289","author":"Giordano","year":"1984","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e730","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14417","article-title":"Bleeding with iron deposition and vascular remodelling in subchondral cysts: A newly discovered feature unique to haemophilic arthropathy","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13401","article-title":"Combination-therapy with concurrent deferoxamine and deferiprone is effective in treating resistant cardiac iron-loading in aceruloplasminaemia","volume":"171","author":"Badat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"476","article-title":"Is there a rationale for iron supplementation in the treatment of akathisia? A review of the evidence","volume":"56","author":"Gold","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.31.697","article-title":"The Effect of Age and Disease on the MR Imaging T2 Low Signal Intensity Area in the Cerebral Cortex","volume":"31","author":"Imon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nippon. Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Jpn. J. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1001","article-title":"Antioxidant treatment improves in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in patients with Friedreich\u2019s ataxia","volume":"49","author":"Lodi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00269-7","article-title":"Iron in the Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Koeppen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160080","article-title":"A diagnostic approach for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: Clinical features, genetics and brain imaging","volume":"74","author":"Pedroso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2017.1315114","article-title":"In vivo ROS production and use of oxidative stress-derived biomarkers to detect the onset of diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Umeno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.586","article-title":"Iron Accumulation in the Substantia Nigra of Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Parkinsonism","volume":"66","author":"Brar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21563","article-title":"MRI assessment of basal ganglia iron deposition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Wallis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199907)46:1<123::AID-ANA19>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Increased iron in the dentate nucleus of patients with Friedrich\u2019s ataxia","volume":"46","author":"Waldvogel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629414","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.629414","article-title":"Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Disorders","volume":"12","author":"Iankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-856500","article-title":"Anemia of inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1804281","article-title":"Anemia of Inflammation","volume":"381","author":"Ganz","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013472","article-title":"The role of iron in chronic inflammatory diseases: From mechanisms to treatment options in anemia of inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Marques","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13503","article-title":"Iron deficiency screening is a key issue in chronic inflammatory diseases: A call to action","volume":"292","author":"Cacoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buliga-Finis, O.N., Ouatu, A., Tanase, D.M., Gosav, E.M., Seritean Isac, P.N., Richter, P., and Rezus, C. (2023). Managing Anemia: Point of Convergence for Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease?. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061311"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-125839","article-title":"Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Anemia","volume":"41","author":"Canny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15928","article-title":"Cognitive disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: Approaches to prevention and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Godefroy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toplicanin, A., Toncev, L., Zaric, V.M., and Milutinovic, A.S. (2022). Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2014Report of a Case and Review of the Literature. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111784"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2022.03.005","article-title":"Anemia Management in the Cancer Patient With CKD and End-Stage Kidney Disease","volume":"29","author":"Rashidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2023.04.005","article-title":"Renal anemia: Current treatments and emerging molecules","volume":"223","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Esp."},{"key":"ref_155","unstructured":"Ku, E., Del Vecchio, L., Eckardt, K.-U., Haase, V.H., Johansen, K.L., Nangaku, M., Tangri, N., Waikar, S.S., Wi\u0119cek, A., and Cheung, M. (Kidney Int., 2023). Novel anemia therapies in chronic kidney disease: Conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference, Kidney Int., in press."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-023-00497-x","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors and essential hypertension: Narrative review of experimental and clinical data","volume":"75","author":"Afsar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450119666180605112235","article-title":"Pathological Roles of Iron in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"19","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000648","article-title":"Anemia of Chronic Disease and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases:Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"22","author":"Murawska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2595","article-title":"Recurrent severe hypophosphatemia following intravenous iron administration","volume":"8","author":"Nataatmadja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.05.001","article-title":"Long-Term Risks of Intravenous Iron in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients","volume":"26","author":"Kshirsagar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4761","article-title":"Iron imbalance in cancer: Intersection of deficiency and overload","volume":"11","author":"Basak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassiliou, E., and Farias-Pereira, R. (2023). Impact of Lipid Metabolism on Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Inflammation and Tumor Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512032"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2707203","article-title":"Targeting the Macrophage-Ferroptosis Crosstalk: A Novel Insight into Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11577","article-title":"Macrophages in melanoma: A double-edged sword and targeted therapy strategies (Review)","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furgiuele, S., Descamps, G., Cascarano, L., Boucq, A., Dubois, C., Journe, F., and Saussez, S. (2022). Dealing with Macrophage Plasticity to Address Therapeutic Challenges in Head and Neck Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126385"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetzel, M., Ackermann, M., and Lachmann, N. (2021). Beyond \u201cBig Eaters\u201d: The Versatile Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073308"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.83348","article-title":"The crosstalk between ferroptosis and mitochondrial dynamic regulatory networks","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05978-8","article-title":"Autophagy mediates an amplification loop during ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3433-2_9","article-title":"Monitoring Lysosome Function in Ferroptosis","volume":"2712","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1992.tb01801.x","article-title":"Association between the activation of macrophages, changes of iron metabolism and the degree of anaemia in patients with malignant disorders","volume":"48","author":"Denz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-253815","article-title":"Serum ferritin is derived primarily from macrophages through a non-classical secretory pathway","volume":"116","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.03.011","article-title":"Serum ferritin: Past, present and future","volume":"1800","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mfab021","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfab021","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of ferritin","volume":"3","author":"Plays","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760400011692","article-title":"Secretion of ferritin by iron-laden macrophages and influence of lipoproteins","volume":"38","author":"Yuan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11899-2","article-title":"Iron deposition is associated with differential macrophage infiltration and therapeutic response to iron chelation in prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Leftin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, S., Dong, X., Ding, D., Xue, J., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Pan, Z., Sun, H., Ren, Q., and Dou, W. (Reprod. Biomed. Online, 2023). Iron deposition in ovarian endometriosis evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging R2* correlates with ovarian function, Reprod. Biomed. Online, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.05.003"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000379","article-title":"Fimbrial Cells Exposure to Catalytic Iron Mimics Carcinogenic Changes","volume":"25","author":"Lattuada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09154-y","article-title":"Clinical correlates of R1 relaxometry and magnetic susceptibility changes in multiple sclerosis: A multi-parameter quantitative MRI study of brain iron and myelin","volume":"33","author":"Pontillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac382","article-title":"High cortical iron is associated with the disruption of white matter tracts supporting cognitive function in healthy older adults","volume":"33","author":"Zachariou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3873","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-1137","article-title":"Alterations in brain iron deposition with progression of late-life depression measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pecorelli, A., Franceschi, P., Braccischi, L., Izzo, F., Renzulli, M., and Golfieri, R. (2022). MRI Appearance of Focal Lesions in Liver Iron Overload. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040891"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774462987","article-title":"Chelators as Antidotes of Metal Toxicity: Therapeutic and Experimental Aspects","volume":"12","author":"Blanusa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-009-9043-x","article-title":"A Review of the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Polyphenol Compounds Related to Iron Binding","volume":"53","author":"Perron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20841","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201119725","article-title":"Phytochelators Intended for Clinical Use in Iron Overload, Other Diseases of Iron Imbalance and Free Radical Pathology","volume":"20","author":"Kontoghiorghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2020). Advances on Chelation and Chelator Metal Complexes in Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072499"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30158-8","article-title":"Gadolinium deposition in the brain: Summary of evidence and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Gulani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez, M.D.C., Hern\u00e1ndez-Cort\u00e9s, L.M., Mendoza-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, V.M., and Arenas-Huertero, F. (2023). Effects of green tea polyphenols against metal-induced genotoxic damage: Underlying mechanistic pathways. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B, 1\u201316. in press.","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2023.2224119"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2022.112391","article-title":"Near-infrared chemiluminescence imaging of superoxide anion production in kidneys with iron3+-nitrilotriacetate-induced acute renal oxidative stress in rats","volume":"228","author":"Teranishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(71)90300-0","article-title":"8-Hydroxyquinoline: Chronic toxicity and inhibitory effect on the carcinogenicity of N-2-fluorenylacetamide","volume":"19","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1971","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00177","article-title":"Multi-DNA Adduct and Abasic Site Quantitation In Vivo by Nano-Liquid Chromatography\/High-Resolution Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Methodology for Biomonitoring Colorectal DNA Damage","volume":"35","author":"Konorev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.009","article-title":"An unexpected new pathway for nitroxide radical production via more reactve nitrogen-centered amidyl radical intermediate during detoxification of the carcinogenic halogenated quinones by N-alkyl hydroxamic acids","volume":"146","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2022). New Iron Metabolic Pathways and Chelation Targeting Strategies Affecting the Treatment of All Types and Stages of Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213990"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/49.3.685","article-title":"Absence of Stainable Iron From Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in Rat Liver With 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Induced Siderosis","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16318","article-title":"Dysregulation of ferroptosis may involve in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer in Xuanwei area","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00448","article-title":"Review of the Evidence from Epidemiology, Toxicology, and Lung Bioavailability on the Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Iron Oxide Particulates","volume":"29","author":"Pease","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.09.030","article-title":"The iron component of particulate matter is antiapoptotic: A clue to the development of lung cancer after exposure to atmospheric pollutants?","volume":"118","author":"Crobeddu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3809-4","article-title":"Organic additives enhance Fenton treatment of nitrobenzene at near-neutral pH","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00444-1","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat","volume":"16","author":"Bouvard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02950-8","article-title":"Heme oxygenase 1 protects human colonocytes against ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced by heme iron, but not inorganic iron","volume":"11","author":"Seiwert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzolo-Brime, L., Orta-Ramirez, A., Martin, Y.P., and Jakszyn, P. (2023). Nutritional Assessment of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: A Comparison of Nutritional Information of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives in Spanish Supermarkets. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061325"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niedermaier, T., Gredner, T., Hoffmeister, M., Mons, U., and Brenner, H. (2023). Impact of Reducing Intake of Red and Processed Meat on Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Germany 2020 to 2050\u2014A Simulation Study. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15041020"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0685-7","article-title":"Haem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: Impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1521441","article-title":"Role of Heme Iron in the Association Between Red Meat Consumption and Colorectal Cancer","volume":"70","author":"Sasso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.967833","article-title":"The relationship of red meat with cancer: Effects of thermal processing and related physiological mechanisms","volume":"57","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0113","article-title":"Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved","volume":"4","author":"Bastide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.415","article-title":"Meat Consumption and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in a Large Prospective Study","volume":"106","author":"Cross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13196","article-title":"Asbestos-induced mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis: Involvement of iron and reactive oxygen species","volume":"72","author":"Okazaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101616","article-title":"Asbestos conceives Fe(II)-dependent mutagenic stromal milieu through ceaseless macrophage ferroptosis and \u03b2-catenin induction in mesothelium","volume":"36","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.002","article-title":"Malignant mesothelioma as an oxidative stress-induced cancer: An update","volume":"86","author":"Chew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-2","article-title":"In vitro determinants of asbestos fiber toxicity: Effect on the relative toxicity of Libby amphibole in primary human airway epithelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0661-9","article-title":"Metabolic rewiring and redox alterations in malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"122","author":"Urso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00615-x","article-title":"Cigarette smoking is associated with high level of ferroptosis in seminal plasma and affects semen quality","volume":"18","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.024","article-title":"Smoking-induced iron dysregulation in the lung","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643980","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643980","article-title":"Iron-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2017.10.007","article-title":"Iron overload in hematological disorders","volume":"46","author":"Fibach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.03.002","article-title":"Toxicity of iron overload and iron overload reduction in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies","volume":"113","author":"Leitch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.4.350","article-title":"Non-transferrin bound iron and neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Harrison","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"2185","article-title":"Two cases of colorectal cancer presenting with periodic, transient elevation of serum iron after chemotherapy including irinotecan","volume":"37","author":"Motoori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gan Kagaku Ryoho Cancer Chemother"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141\u0119cka, M., S\u0142omka, A., Albrecht, K., \u017bekanowska, E., Romiszewski, M., and Styczy\u0144ski, J. (2021). Unbalance in Iron Metabolism in Childhood Leukemia Converges with Treatment Intensity: Biochemical and Clinical Analysis. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13123029"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.11.003","article-title":"Non transferrin bound iron (NTBI) in acute leukemias throughout conventional intensive chemotherapy: Kinetics of its appearance and potential predictive role in infectious complications","volume":"39","author":"Belotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01310.x","article-title":"Non-transferrin-bound iron in haematological patients during chemotherapy and conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"83","author":"Sahlstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.2.307","article-title":"Bleomycin-detectable Iron Assay for Non-Transferrin-bound Iron in Hematologic Malignancies","volume":"48","author":"Lindeberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00174-X","article-title":"Impaired plasma antioxidative defense and increased nontransferrin-bound iron during high-dose chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy preceding bone marrow transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Herrnring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02820.x","article-title":"Non-transferrin-bound iron during allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"113","author":"Sahlstedt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124345","article-title":"Non-transferrin-bound iron determination in blood serum using microsequential injection solid phase spectrometry\u2014Proof of concept","volume":"257","author":"Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(97)00148-4","article-title":"Antioxidant defence of red blood cells and plasma in stored human blood","volume":"267","author":"Szczypka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13954","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13954","article-title":"Labile plasma iron and echocardiographic parameters are associated with cardiac events in \u03b2-thalassemic patients","volume":"53","author":"Ferrara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/03630260600642450","article-title":"Iron Mobilization From Transferrin And Non-Transferrin-Bound-Iron by Deferiprone. Implications in the Treatment of Thalassemia, Anemia of Chronic Disease, Cancer and Other Conditions","volume":"30","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-960X(95)90038-1","article-title":"Iron: Mammalian defense systems, mechanisms of disease, and chelation therapy approaches","volume":"9","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08340811","article-title":"The Role of Catalytic Iron in Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.02.016","article-title":"Impact of catalytic iron on mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome exposed to iodinated radiocontrast\u2014The Iscom Study","volume":"165","author":"Lele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.09.032","article-title":"Association of Catalytic Iron With Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"109","author":"Rajapurkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32012","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032012","article-title":"Impact of iron overload on poor graft function after allo-HSCT in a patient with transfusion-dependent low-risk MDS: A case report and literature review","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2018.06.003","article-title":"Rare anemias due to genetic iron metabolism defects","volume":"777","author":"Brissot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-022-02201-3","article-title":"Porphyria cutanea tarda and patterns of long-term sick leave and disability pension: A 24-year nationwide matched-cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Baravelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orphanet. J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3138\/canlivj-2019-0018","article-title":"Porphyria cutanea tarda associated with elevated serum ferritin, iron overload, and a bone morphogenetic protein 6 genetic variant","volume":"3","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. Liver J."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e063605","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063605","article-title":"The Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Global Longitudinal (Peak) Registry: Rationale and study design","volume":"13","author":"Grace","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0476","article-title":"Hemochromatosis, Iron Overload\u2013Related Diseases, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04263-4","article-title":"Hepatic and cardiac iron load as determined by MRI T2* in patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I","volume":"99","author":"Asleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_240","first-page":"495","article-title":"Genetics of iron storage and hemochromatosis","volume":"29","author":"Beutler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, G., Li, J., Duan, Y., Zheng, C., Guo, Q., Li, F., Zheng, J., Yu, J., Zhang, P., and Wan, M. (2022). Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism: The Crucial Actors in Diseases. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010029"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541230","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/541230","article-title":"Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction across broad-ranging pathologies: Toward mitochondria-targeted clinical strategies","volume":"2014","author":"Pagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm2214160","article-title":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis","volume":"388","author":"Uda","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.04.003","article-title":"Iron metabolism and atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.02.019","article-title":"Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity\u2014Are we about to clear this hurdle?","volume":"185","author":"Dempke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgac063","article-title":"Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Causative factors and possible interventions","volume":"74","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-022-09721-1","article-title":"Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An Overview on Pre-clinical Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"22","author":"Sheibani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817951","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.817951","article-title":"Iron Promotes Cardiac Doxorubicin Retention and Toxicity Through Downregulation of the Mitochondrial Exporter ABCB8","volume":"13","author":"Menon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29964-4","article-title":"In vitro to clinical translational pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic modeling of doxorubicin (DOX) and dexrazoxane (DEX) interactions: Safety assessment and optimization","volume":"13","author":"Mody","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37308","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37308","article-title":"Efficacy of Dexrazoxane in Cardiac Protection in Pediatric Patients Treated With Anthracyclines","volume":"15","author":"Rahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00239-5","article-title":"Primary cardioprotection with dexrazoxane in patients with childhood cancer who are expected to receive anthracyclines: Recommendations from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group","volume":"6","author":"Mulder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00597","article-title":"The next generation of platinum drugs: Targeted Pt (II) agents, nanoparticle delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs","volume":"116","author":"Johnstone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45597","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17316","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor efficacy of cisplatin for treating ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo via transferrin binding","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27804","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06716","article-title":"Effect of Cisplatin on Renal Iron Homeostasis Components: Implication in Nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010791636149","article-title":"Specific Hemosiderin Deposition in Spleen Induced by a Low Dose of Cisplatin: Altered Iron Metabolism and Its Implication as an Acute Hemosiderin Formation Model","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12990","article-title":"Oral deferiprone administration ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"70","author":"Makhdoumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/10715768609088062","article-title":"In Vitro Screening of Iron Chelators Using Models of Free Radical Damage","volume":"2","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.04.023","article-title":"Kill or cure: Misuse of chelation therapy for human diseases","volume":"284","author":"Crisponi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2018.1426745","article-title":"Cefiderocol: A novel siderophore cephalosporin","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91136-4","article-title":"Desferrioxamine and systemic yersiniosis","volume":"322","author":"Prpic","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80606-8","article-title":"Deferoxamine Therapy and Mucormycosis in Dialysis Patients: Report of an International Registry","volume":"18","author":"Boelaert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02490.x","article-title":"The effect of synthetic iron chelators on bacterial growth in human serum","volume":"1","author":"Brock","year":"1988","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_263","first-page":"150","article-title":"The effect of tetracycline administration on iron absorption in mice","volume":"35","author":"Djaldetti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1586\/era.11.175","article-title":"Hydroxyurea: A key player in cancer chemotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Madaan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer. Ther."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2011.578950","article-title":"Interactions Of Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea) With Iron And Copper: Implications On Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"35","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J., Kolnagou, A., Kontoghiorghe, C.N., Mourouzidis, L., Timoshnikov, V.A., and Polyakov, N.E. (2020). Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications. Medicines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines7080045"},{"key":"ref_267","first-page":"809","article-title":"High-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer","volume":"29","author":"Ohno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12323","article-title":"Elimination of Ascorbic Acid After High-Dose Infusion in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation","volume":"116","author":"Nielsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3704","article-title":"Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: Evidence for a recommended dietary allowance","volume":"93","author":"Levine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.suppl_5.35","article-title":"Erythropoietin and iron: The role of ascorbic acid","volume":"16","author":"Tarng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-016-1309-9","article-title":"Oral vitamin C supplementation reduces erythropoietin requirement in hemodialysis patients with functional iron deficiency","volume":"48","author":"Sultana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2018.12.002","article-title":"Favourable improvement in haematological parameters in response to oral iron and vitamin C combination in children with Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) phenotype","volume":"75","author":"Sourabh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6010249","article-title":"Iron Transport through Ferroportin Is Induced by Intracellular Ascorbate and Involves IRP2 and HIF2\u03b1","volume":"6","author":"Scheers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timoshnikov, V.A., Selyutina, O.Y., Polyakov, N.E., Didichenko, V., and Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2022). Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant\/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031247"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timoshnikov, V.A., Kobzeva, T.V., Polyakov, N.E., and Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2020). Redox Interactions of Vitamin C and Iron: Inhibition of the Pro-Oxidant Activity by Deferiprone. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113967"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2023). Deferiprone and Iron-Maltol: Forty Years since Their Discovery and Insights into Their Drug Design, Development, Clinical Use and Future Prospects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054970"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722601115","article-title":"Iron promotes oxidative cell death caused by bisretinoids of retina","volume":"115","author":"Ueda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selyutina, O.Y., Timoshnikov, V.A., Polyakov, N.E., and Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2023). Metal Complexes of Omadine (N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione): Differences of Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Behavior in Light and Dark Conditions with Possible Toxicity Implications. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28104210"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61105-6_21","article-title":"Chemical, Pharmacological, Toxicological and Therapeutic Advances of Deferiprone (L1) and Other Iron and Aluminium Chelators","volume":"18","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05525.x","article-title":"Iron supplements: A common cause of drug interactions","volume":"31","author":"Campbell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carota, G., Distefano, A., Spampinato, M., Giallongo, C., Broggi, G., Longhitano, L., Palumbo, G.A., Parenti, R., Caltabiano, R., and Giallongo, S. (2022). Neuroprotective Role of \u03b1-Lipoic Acid in Iron-Overload-Mediated Toxicity and Inflammation in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081596"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1039\/c8mt00308d","article-title":"Competition between Al3+ and Fe3+ binding to human transferrin and toxicological implications: Structural investigations using ultra-high resolution ESI MS and CD spectroscopy","volume":"11","author":"Ott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92978-B","article-title":"Intramuscular desferrioxamine in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"337","author":"Dalton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032816","article-title":"Hepcidin and Iron in Health and Disease","volume":"74","author":"Nemeth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.01.004","article-title":"The pathophysiology and pharmacology of hepcidin","volume":"35","author":"Ruchala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12358","article-title":"Hepcidin and iron disorders: New biology and clinical approaches","volume":"37","author":"Arezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawula, Z.J., Wallace, D.F., Subramaniam, V.N., and Rishi, G. (2019). Therapeutic Advances in Regulating the Hepcidin\/Ferroportin Axis. Pharmaceuticals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12040170"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2020.10.005","article-title":"Biology of the iron efflux transporter, ferroportin","volume":"123","author":"Rishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Protein. Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.07.006","article-title":"Iron therapy in chronic kidney disease: Recent changes, benefits and risks","volume":"30","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chekmarev, J., Azad, M.G., and Richardson, D.R. (2021). The Oncogenic Signaling Disruptor, NDRG1: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Activity. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092382"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9125","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1525","article-title":"Egr-1 mediates hypoxia-inducible transcription of the NDRG1 gene through an overlapping Egr-1\/Sp1 binding site in the promoter","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608201","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.608201","article-title":"Discovery and Pharmacological Evaluation of STEAP4 as a Novel Target for HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Orfanou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25366","article-title":"Iron, erythropoietin, and inflammation regulate hepcidin in Bmp2-deficient mice, but serum iron fails to induce hepcidin in Bmp6-deficient mice","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03384-y","article-title":"The mutual crosstalk between iron and erythropoiesis","volume":"116","author":"Camaschella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01499.x","article-title":"Reduction of body iron stores to normal range levels in thalassaemia by using a deferiprone\/deferoxamine combination and their maintenance thereafter by deferiprone monotherapy","volume":"85","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07970.x","article-title":"Normalisation of total body iron load with very intensive combined chelation reverses cardiac and endocrine complications of thalassaemia major","volume":"148","author":"Farmaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-102691","article-title":"Prevention of Iron Overload and Long Term Maintenance of Normal Iron Stores in Thalassaemia Major Patients using Deferiprone or Deferiprone Deferoxamine Combination","volume":"67","author":"Kolnagou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020011","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2020.011","article-title":"The History of Deferiprone (L1) and the Paradigm of the Complete Treatment of Iron Overload in Thalassaemia","volume":"12","author":"Kontoghiorghes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/16\/12928\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:36:48Z","timestamp":1760128608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/16\/12928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"references-count":298,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241612928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241612928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]}}}