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Technology, Japan through the Monbukagakusho (MEXT) Scholarship","award":["KD2303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KD2303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-glycolipid antibodies have been reported to play pathogenic roles in peripheral inflammatory neuropathies, such as Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. On the other hand, the role in multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS), is largely unknown, although the presence of anti-glycolipid antibodies was reported to differ among MS patients with relapsing-remitting (RR), primary progressive (PP), and secondary progressive (SP) disease courses. We investigated whether the induction of anti-glycolipid antibodies could differ among experimental MS models with distinct clinical courses, depending on induction methods. Using three mouse strains, SJL\/J, C57BL\/6, and A.SW mice, we induced five distinct experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35\u201355, MOG92\u2013106, or myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139\u2013151, with or without an additional adjuvant curdlan injection. We also induced a viral model of MS, using Theiler\u2019s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Each MS model had an RR, SP, PP, hyperacute, or chronic clinical course. Using the sera from the MS models, we quantified antibodies against 11 glycolipids: GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GD3, galactocerebroside, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b, and sulfatide. Among the MS models, we detected significant increases in four anti-glycolipid antibodies, GM1, GM3, GM4, and sulfatide, in PLP139\u2013151-induced EAE with an RR disease course. We also tested cellular immune responses to the glycolipids and found CD1d-independent lymphoproliferative responses only to sulfatide with decreased interleukin (IL)-10 production. Although these results implied that anti-glycolipid antibodies might play a role in remissions or relapses in RR-EAE, their functional roles need to be determined by mechanistic experiments, such as injections of monoclonal anti-glycolipid antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:28:48Z","timestamp":1692354528000},"page":"12937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti-Glycolipid Antibody Examination in Five EAE Models and Theiler\u2019s Virus Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of Anti-GM1, GM3, GM4, and Sulfatide Antibodies in Relapsing-Remitting EAE"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kota","family":"Moriguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self Defense Forces Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi City 666-0024, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumina","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City 577-8502, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ah-Mee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Arts and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoi","family":"Kuwahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5110-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundar","family":"Khadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiichi","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Kusunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Headquarters, Minato City 108-8583, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1798-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikuo","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bradshaw, R.A., and Stahl, P.D. 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