{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:05:31Z","timestamp":1787313931080,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020 Operational Program","award":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Portugal","award":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0013"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MAR\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain","award":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-067\/PN\/MS-RECUAL\/CD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Turbot aquaculture production is an important economic activity in several countries around the world; nonetheless, the incidence of diseases, such furunculosis, caused by the etiological agent A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is responsible for important losses to this industry worldwide. Given this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate early immune responses in turbot (S. maximus L.) following infection with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. For this, 72 fish were individually weighed and randomly distributed into 6 tanks in a circulating seawater system. For the bacterial challenge, half of the individuals (3 tanks with 36 individuals) were infected using a peritoneal injection with the bacterial suspension, while the other half of individuals were injected with PBS and kept as a control group. Several factors linked to the innate immune response were studied, including not only haematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes) and oxidative stress parameters, but also the analyses of the expression of 13 key immune-related genes (tnf-\u03b1, il-1\u03b2, il-8, ppar\u03b1-1, acox1, tgf-\u03b21, nf-kB p65, srebp-1, il-10, c3, cpt1a, pcna, il-22). No significant differences were recorded in blood or innate humoral parameters (lysozyme, anti-protease, peroxidase) at the selected sampling points. There was neither any evidence of significant changes in the activity levels of the oxidative stress indicators (catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase). In contrast, pro-inflammatory (tnf-\u03b1, il-1\u03b2), anti-inflammatory (il-10), and innate immune-related genes (c3) were up-regulated, while another gene linked with the lipid metabolism (acox1) was down-regulated. The results showed new insights about early responses of turbot following infection with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:28:48Z","timestamp":1692354528000},"page":"12944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Early Molecular Immune Responses of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Following Infection with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9403-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI\u00b7MAR), University of Cadiz (UCA), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Aquatic Production, School of Biomedicine and Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-5021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1168-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Costas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Aquatic Production, School of Biomedicine and Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2023, July 07). GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Turbot-Production Technology and Markets. Volume 103. 2011; 103. Available online: www.globefish.org."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737140","article-title":"Main issues and key factors for development of turbot aquaculture in Spanish regions: A social-ecological perspective","volume":"544","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25601-9","article-title":"Current status of industrialized aquaculture in China: A review","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"107","article-title":"Immunization with bacterial antigens: Furunculosis","volume":"90","author":"Ellis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-011-9374-7","article-title":"Gene Expression Profiles of the Spleen, Liver, and Head Kidney in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Along the Infection Process with Aeromonas salmonicida Using an Immune-Enriched Oligo-microarray","volume":"13","author":"Pardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcber eine durch Bakterien erzeugte Seuche unter den Forellen","volume":"21","author":"Emmerich","year":"1894","journal-title":"Arch. Hyg. Bakteriol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c6754","article-title":"Furunculosis in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) cultured in a recirculation system","volume":"168","author":"Devesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Austin, B., and Austin, D.A. (2016). Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish, Springer."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.08.005","article-title":"\u03b2-glucan administration induces metabolic changes and differential survival rates after bacterial or viral infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"82","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.00941.x","article-title":"Surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum), farms in Denmark in 2006","volume":"31","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles immunoassay for direct detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues","volume":"34","author":"Saleh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12092","article-title":"Polyphasic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida isolates recovered from salmonid and non-salmonid fish","volume":"36","author":"Diamanka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13224","article-title":"Pathogenic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida turbot isolate from China","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"139","article-title":"Isolation of Aeromonas subspecies salmonicida in farmed turbot (Psetta maxima) in France","volume":"10","author":"Nougayrede","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"147","article-title":"First report of furunculosis in turbot reared in floating cages in northwest of Spain","volume":"12","author":"Toranzo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2005.00610.x","article-title":"Efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.): Evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery","volume":"28","author":"Santos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3354\/dao053115","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacterial diseases in Norwegian aquaculture\u2014A description based on antibiotic prescription data for the ten-year period 1991 to 2000","volume":"53","author":"Lillehaug","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3354\/dao018149","article-title":"Isolation of oxidase-negative Aeromonas salmonicida from diseased turbot Scophthalmus maximus","volume":"18","author":"Pedersen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12014","article-title":"Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Aeromonas salmonicida","volume":"36","author":"Keeling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.04.034","article-title":"Alteration of virulence factors and rearrangement of pAsa5 plasmid caused by the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida in stressful conditions","volume":"152","author":"Daher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasquez, I., Hossain, A., Gnanagobal, H., Valderrama, K., Campbell, B., Ness, M., Charette, S.J., Gamperl, A.K., Cipriano, R., and Segovia, C. (2022). Comparative Genomics of Typical and Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida Complete Genomes Revealed New Insights into Pathogenesis Evolution. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010189"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1999.00153.x","article-title":"Tissue localization of Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following experimental challenge","volume":"22","author":"Svendsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0934-2","article-title":"Damaging effect of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida on intestinal enterocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)","volume":"318","author":"Jutfelt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.07.022","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida","volume":"56","author":"Coscelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02342","article-title":"Colonization of turbot tissues by virulent and avirulent Aeromonas salmonicida subsp.  salmonicida strains during infection","volume":"95","author":"Farto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.04.002","article-title":"Acute Aeromonas salmonicida infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"430","author":"Coscelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.02.038","article-title":"Granulomatous dermatitis in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) associated with natural Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection","volume":"428\u2013429","author":"Coscelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(17)30037-3","article-title":"Cutaneous Biology and Diseases of Fish","volume":"4","author":"Groff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2009.00997.x","article-title":"Plasma ladderlectin concentration following sterile inflammation and Aeromonas salmonicidasubsp. salmonicidainfection","volume":"32","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.06.025","article-title":"Virulence, genomic features, and plasticity of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of fish furunculosis","volume":"169","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.10.021","article-title":"Phenotypical characteristics, genetic identification, and antimicrobial sensitivity of Aeromonas species isolated from farmed rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) in Mexico","volume":"130","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1039\/c2em10839a","article-title":"Designing an integrated environmental monitoring plan for land-based marine fish farms located at exposed and hard bottom coastal areas","volume":"14","author":"Carballeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.04.011","article-title":"Vaccination against Aeromonas salmonicida in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Study of the efficacy, morphological changes and antigen distribution","volume":"445","author":"Coscelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"93","article-title":"Immunization with bacterial antigens: Vibrio infections","volume":"90","author":"Toranzo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"257","article-title":"Adjuvants and immunostimulants for enhancing vaccine potency in fish","volume":"90","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"365","article-title":"Reduction of antibacterial drug use in Norwegian fish farming due to vaccination","volume":"90","author":"Markestad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2004.00579.x","article-title":"Experimental infection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), by Moritella viscosa, vaccination effort and vaccine-induced side-effects","volume":"27","author":"Bjornsdottir","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02467","article-title":"Virulence factors of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains associated with infections in turbot Psetta maxima","volume":"99","author":"Lago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.02.014","article-title":"PPARs are a unique set of fatty acid regulated transcription factors controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammation","volume":"1812","author":"Varga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.20.3549a","article-title":"Unravelling the net? Cytokines and diseases","volume":"113","author":"Townsend","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00022-X","article-title":"Expression of immune genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed a nucleotide-supplemented diet","volume":"221","author":"Low","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.09.110193.001533","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor, Other Cytokines and Disease","volume":"9","author":"Tracey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereiro, P., Balseiro, P., Romero, A., Dios, S., Forn-Cuni, G., Fuste, B., Planas, J.V., Beltran, S., Novoa, B., and Figueras, A. (2012). High-Throughput Sequence Analysis of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Transcriptome Using 454-Pyrosequencing for the Discovery of Antiviral Immune Genes. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035369"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9005-3","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 in promotion and progression of cancer","volume":"25","author":"Balkwill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.051","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and adipocyte biology","volume":"582","author":"Cawthorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.02.056","article-title":"Dietary Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorates the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2013.08.030","article-title":"The cytokine networks of adaptive immunity in fish","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.07.012","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on immune response, disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila, antioxidant capability and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/80819","article-title":"Uncoupling of inflammatory chemokine receptors by IL-10: Generation of functional decoys","volume":"1","author":"Frascaroli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fajardo, C., Santos, P., Passos, R., Vaz, M., Azeredo, R., Machado, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Boo, S., Baptista, T., and Costas, B. (2022). Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Following Challenge with Yersinia ruckeri. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063096"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.11.011","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21b: A second TGF-\u03b21 paralogue in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that has a lower constitutive expression but is more responsive to immune stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Maehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2013.01.003","article-title":"Dynamics of PPARs, fatty acid metabolism genes and lipid classes in eggs and early larvae of a teleost","volume":"164","author":"Cunha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1159\/000430281","article-title":"Amino Acids Attenuate Insulin Action on Gluconeogenesis and Promote Fatty Acid Biosynthesis via mTORC1 Signaling Pathway in trout Hepatocytes","volume":"36","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004535","article-title":"Postprandial nutrient-sensing and metabolic responses after partial dietary fishmeal replacement by soyabean meal in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","volume":"115","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Kim, T.W., Park, Y.S., Jeong, E.M., Lee, D.-S., Kim, I.-G., Chung, H., Hwang, Y.-I., Lee, W.J., and Yu, H.G. (2016). The Role of Interleukin-22 and Its Receptor in the Development and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154904"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152","article-title":"Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25\u2212 Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-\u03b2 Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvq043","article-title":"Cellular and molecular basis for the regulation of inflammation by TGF","volume":"147","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2016.01.001","article-title":"The role of oxidative and inflammatory stress and persistent viral infections in immunosenescence","volume":"158","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1545-6","article-title":"Taurine chloramine produced from taurine under inflammation provides anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TX00030G","article-title":"Taurine attenuates nano-copper-induced oxidative hepatic damage via mitochondria-dependent and NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1-mediated pathway","volume":"3","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12365","article-title":"Physiological role of taurine\u2014From organism to organelle","volume":"213","author":"Lambert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1113","article-title":"The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity","volume":"5","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.06.011","article-title":"Complement: A unique innate immune sensor for danger signals","volume":"41","author":"Gasque","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00308-2","article-title":"Animal lectins: A historical introduction and overview","volume":"1572","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3354\/dao034027","article-title":"Neutrophil and macrophage responses to inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. A light and electron microscopic cytochemical study","volume":"34","author":"Afonso","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis, B., Gon\u00e7alves, A.T., Santos, P., Sardinha, M., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, L.E.C., Serradeiro, R., P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, J., Calduch-Giner, J., Schmid-Staiger, U., and Frick, K. (2021). Immune Status and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity of Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata Juveniles Fed Yeast and Microalga Derived \u03b2-glucans. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120653"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00048-2","article-title":"A rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of bovine neutrophil primary granules","volume":"58","author":"Quade","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.11.024","article-title":"Dietary tryptophan and methionine as modulators of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status and inflammatory response","volume":"42","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.07.024","article-title":"Dietary arginine and repeated handling increase disease resistance and modulate innate immune mechanisms of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858)","volume":"31","author":"Costas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.05.032","article-title":"Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) immune responses are modulated after feeding with purified antinutrients","volume":"41","author":"Costas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05038-2","article-title":"Comparative studies on different methods of malonaldehyde determination","volume":"105","author":"Bird","year":"1984","journal-title":"Method Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Greenwald, R.A. (1984). Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, CRC Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05013-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase assays","volume":"105","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.07.057","article-title":"Biochemical responses of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to petrochemical environmental contamination along the North-western coast of Portugal","volume":"66","author":"Lima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025457831923","article-title":"Effects of dimethoate and beta-naphthoflavone on selected biomarkers of Poecilia reticulata","volume":"26","author":"Frasco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-021-02431-1","article-title":"Microalgal biomasses have potential as ingredients in microdiets for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) post-larvae","volume":"33","author":"Peixoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W147","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw419","article-title":"Heatmapper: Web-enabled heat mapping for all","volume":"44","author":"Babicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.07.019","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the effects of myo-inositol on the turbot Scophthalmus maximus","volume":"106","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, F., Xu, D., Mai, K., Zhou, H., Xu, W., and He, G. (2016). Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165708"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.016","article-title":"Identification and analysis of a CpG motif that protects turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) against bacterial challenge and enhances vaccine-induced specific immunity","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.11.029","article-title":"Dietary taurine modulates hepatic oxidative status, ER stress and inflammation in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed high carbohydrate diets","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.08.015","article-title":"Nutrient sensing and metabolic changes after methionine deprivation in primary muscle cells of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","volume":"50","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12459-4","article-title":"Differential gene expression and SNP association between fast- and slow-growing turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"7","author":"Robledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.03.003","article-title":"The efficacy of lactic acid bacteria usage in turbot Scophthalmus maximus on intestinal microbiota and expression of the immune related genes","volume":"100","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.08.053","article-title":"Effect of dietary methionine levels on growth performance, amino acid metabolism and intestinal homeostasis in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","volume":"498","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robledo, D., Hern\u00e1ndez-Urcera, J., Cal, R.M., Pardo, B.G., S\u00e1nchez, L., Mart\u00ednez, P., and Vi\u00f1as, A. (2014). Analysis of qPCR reference gene stability determination methods and a practical approach for efficiency calculation on a turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) gonad dataset. BMC Genom., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-648"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/16\/12944\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:37:09Z","timestamp":1760128629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/16\/12944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241612944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241612944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]}}}