{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:41:24Z","timestamp":1765806084723,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may determine a multisystemic chronic syndrome after resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a significant percentage of patients. Persistent cytokine dysregulation can contribute to long-lasting inflammation and tissue damage, resulting in the diverse, often debilitating symptoms experienced by some patients (so-called long COVID syndrome). The aim of our study was to evaluate the value of a panel of serum biomarkers of severity and prognosis in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and also as predictive factors for the development of post-COVID lung sequelae after discharge from the hospital. All blood sampling was performed in the first 24 h after admission to the hospital. Serum analyte concentrations of IL-4, IL-2, CXCL10 (IP-10), IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, CCL2 (MCP-1), IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-\u03b3, IL-12p70 and TGF-\u03b21 were quantified by bead-based multiplex LEGENDplex\u2122 analysis and commercially available ELISA kits. A total of 108 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. Comparative analysis of these proteins showed higher levels of TGF-\u03b2 and IL-6 and lower levels of RBP-4 and IL-10 in the severe group. Age, adiponectin, IL-8 and IL-32 resulted as the best predictors for survival. Moreover, IL-1\u03b2, IL17A, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b2, IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients who showed HRCT evidence of fibrotic interstitial alterations at follow-up than patients who did not. The initial inflammatory status of patients on admission to the hospital with COVID-19, as reflected by the present panel of adipose tissue-related biomarkers and cytokines, offered insights into medium-term prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:33:11Z","timestamp":1692581591000},"page":"12994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Predictive Role of Cytokine and Adipokine Panel in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Evaluation of Disease Severity, Survival and Lung Sequelae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bergantini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2368-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriana","family":"d\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, \u201cMisericordia\u201d Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Cameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Meocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Marrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moftah","family":"Ederbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8351-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bargagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01814-1","article-title":"COVID-19 infection: An overview on cytokine storm and related interventions","volume":"19","author":"Montazersaheb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virol. 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