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These effects are attributed to the improved tear film dynamics, but there are no data on the effect of CsA on the abnormal sensory nerve activity characteristic in DE. Our purpose was to evaluate the CsA effect on the enhanced activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors in a tear-deficient DE animal model using in vitro extracellular recording of cold thermoreceptors nerve terminal impulses (NTIs) before and in the presence of CsA. NTI shape was also analyzed. Blinking frequency and tearing rate were also measured in awake animals before and after topical CsA. CsA increased the tearing and blinking of treated animals. CsA significantly decreased the peak response to cold of cold thermoreceptors. Neither their spontaneous NTIs discharge rate nor their cooling threshold were modified. CsA also seemed to reverse some of the changes in NTI shape induced by tear deficiency. These data suggest that, at least in part, the beneficial clinical effects of CsA in DE can be attributed to a direct effect on sensory nerve endings, although the precise mechanisms underlying this effect need further studies to be fully clarified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241613025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:46:22Z","timestamp":1692665182000},"page":"13025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cyclosporine A Decreases Dryness-Induced Hyperexcitability of Corneal Cold-Sensitive Nerve Terminals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gyenes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Tapaszt\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Quirce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2014CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2014CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0768-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Frutos-Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2014CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante-ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3559-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juana","family":"Gallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2014CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante-ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1759-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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