{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T09:14:55Z","timestamp":1773479695932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AC BioTech SAS (Villejuif, France)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause severe respiratory illness with high mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a massive inflammatory cell infiltration into the infected lungs accompanied by excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The lung histology of dead patients shows that some areas are severely emphysematous, with enormously dilated blood vessels and micro-thromboses. The inappropriate inflammatory response damaging the pulmonary interstitial arteriolar walls suggests that the respiratory distress may come in a large part from lung vasculature injuries. It has been recently observed that low plasmatic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a marker of a worse prognosis of clinical outcome in severe coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. S1P is an angiogenic molecule displaying anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, that promote intercellular interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes resulting in the stabilization of arteries and capillaries. In this context, it can be hypothesized that the benefit of a normal S1P level is due to its protective effect on lung vasculature functionality. This paper provides evidence supporting this concept, opening the way for the design of a pharmacological approach involving the use of an S1P lyase inhibitor to increase the S1P level that in turn will rescue the lung vasculature functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1692775524000},"page":"13088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as Lung and Cardiac Vasculature Protecting Agent in SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6433-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manale","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AC BioTech, Villejuif Biopark, Cancer Campus, 1 mail du Professeur Georges Math\u00e9, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Auclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AC BioTech, Villejuif Biopark, Cancer Campus, 1 mail du Professeur Georges Math\u00e9, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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