{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:12:50Z","timestamp":1787505170756,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reactive \u03b1-dicarbonyls (\u03b1-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), are potent precursors in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In particular, MGO and MGO-derived AGEs are thought to be involved in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Experimental studies showed that citrus and pomegranate polyphenols can scavenge \u03b1-DCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a citrus and pomegranate complex (CPC) on the \u03b1-DCs plasma levels in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, where thirty-six elderly subjects were enrolled. They received either 500 mg of Citrus sinensis peel extract and 200 mg of Punica granatum concentrate in CPC capsules or placebo capsules for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout period in between. For the determination of \u03b1-DCs concentrations, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used. Following four weeks of CPC supplementation, plasma levels of MGO decreased by 9.8% (\u221218.7 nmol\/L; 95% CI: \u221236.7, \u22120.7 nmol\/L; p = 0.042). Our findings suggest that CPC supplementation may represent a promising strategy for mitigating the conditions associated with MGO involvement. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03781999.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:06:48Z","timestamp":1692871608000},"page":"13168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Citrus and Pomegranate Complex Reduces Methylglyoxal in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bednarska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Fecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"The Committee on Therapeutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl. Defilad 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean L. J. M.","family":"Scheijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne","family":"Ahles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"BioActor BV, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0871-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Vangrieken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper G.","family":"Schalkwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.05.014","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure","volume":"120","author":"Lehrke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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