{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:37:35Z","timestamp":1792132655179,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":330,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN-143213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-143213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid\u2013tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75\u201380 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell\u2013cell adhesion, cell\u2013substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch\u2019s corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:06:48Z","timestamp":1692871608000},"page":"13182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christelle","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Ophtalmologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis-Philippe","family":"Gu\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Ophtalmologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca G.","family":"Socol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8883-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Germain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Ophtalmologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chirurgie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain L.","family":"Gu\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval\/LOEX, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Ophtalmologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32238-5","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a cell-aggregating factor (clusterin), the major glycoprotein in ram rete testis fluid","volume":"258","author":"Blaschuk","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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