{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T03:34:19Z","timestamp":1770521659060,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_156378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_156378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current research indicates that altered dopamine (DA) transmission in the striatum contributes to impulsivity and novelty-seeking, and it may mediate a link concerning a higher susceptibility to drug abuse. Whether increased susceptibility to drug abuse results from a hyperdopaminergic or hypodopaminergic state is still debated. Here, we simultaneously tracked changes in DA D2\/3 receptor (D2\/3R) availability and amphetamine-(AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty-seeking prior to, and following, cocaine self-administration (SA) in Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats. We found that high-impulsive\/high novelty-seeking RHA rats exhibited lower D2\/3R availabilities and higher AMPH-induced DA release in the striatum that predicted higher levels of cocaine intake compared with RLAs. Cocaine SA did not alter striatal D2\/3R availability or impulsivity in RHA or RLA rats. Critically, cocaine exposure led to a baseline-dependent blunting of stimulated DA release in high-impulsive\/high novelty-seeking RHA rats only, and to a baseline-dependent increase in novelty-seeking in low-impulsive\/low novelty-seeking RLA rats only. Altogether, we propose that susceptibility to drug abuse results from an innate hyper-responsive DA system, promoting impulsive action and novelty-seeking, and producing stronger initial drug-reinforcing effects that contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of drug use. However, with repeated cocaine use, a tolerance to drug-induced striatal DA elevations develops, leading to a compensatory increase in drug consumption to overcome the reduced reward effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"13238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Repeated Cocaine Intake Differentially Impacts Striatal D2\/3 Receptor Availability, Psychostimulant-Induced Dopamine Release, and Trait Behavioral Markers of Drug Abuse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ginna","family":"Urue\u00f1a-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dimiziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Bell\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Goutaudier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Ginovart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.002","article-title":"Liability to substance use disorders: 1. 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