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Vascular factors have been suggested to play an important role in glaucoma development and progression. Previously, we have proven the neuroprotective effects of pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) eye drops in an inducible, microbeads model in rats that is able to reproduce many clinically relevant features of human glaucoma. In the present study, we examined the potential protective effects of PACAP1-38 on the retinal vasculature and the molecular changes in hypoxia. Ocular hypertension was induced by injection of microbeads into the anterior chamber, while control rats received PBS. PACAP dissolved in vehicle (1 \u00b5g\/drop) or vehicle treatment was started one day after the injections for four weeks three times a day. Retinal degeneration was assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and vascular and molecular changes were assessed by immunofluorescence labeling. HIF1-\u03b1 and VEGF-A protein levels were measured by Western blot. OCT images proved severe retinal degeneration in the glaucomatous group, while PACAP1-38 eye drops had a retinoprotective effect. Vascular parameters were deteriorated and molecular analysis suggested hypoxic conditions in glaucoma. PACAP treatment exerted a positive effect against these alterations. In summary, PACAP could prevent the severe damage to the retina and its vasculature induced by ocular hypertension in a microbeads model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"13256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Protective Effects of Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide on Retinal Vasculature and Molecular Responses in a Rat Model of Moderate Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Evelin","family":"Patko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edina","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Vaczy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorottya","family":"Molitor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eniko","family":"Tari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Csutak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7632 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Reglodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8112-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamas","family":"Atlasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Team, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Sportbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00452","article-title":"The Neurovascular Unit in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration","volume":"8","author":"Wareham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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