{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:05:26Z","timestamp":1789056326767,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that live in different human body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, and eyes. In particular, the presence of an ocular surface microbiota with a crucial role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis by preventing colonization from pathogen species has been recently demonstrated. Moreover, recent studies underline a potential association between gut microbiota (GM) and ocular health. In this respect, some evidence supports the existence of a gut\u2013eye axis involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, and glaucoma. Therefore, understanding the link between the GM and these ocular disorders might be useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation through which the GM could be modulated, thus allowing better management of these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1693205855000},"page":"13338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Targeting the Gut\u2013Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6680-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucrezia Irene Maria","family":"Campagnoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Varesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Pascale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Sciences, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in Health and Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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