{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:32:09Z","timestamp":1793035929731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","award":["N42\/DBS\/000287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000287"]}]},{"name":"Jagiellonian University Medical College","award":["N42\/DBS\/000333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42\/DBS\/000333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of selected xanthine-based adenosine A2A and A2B receptor antagonists was investigated, and attempts were made to explain the observed effects. The selective A2B receptor antagonist PSB-603 and the A2A receptor antagonist TB-42 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP. In addition to adenosine receptor blockade, the compounds were found to act as moderately potent non-selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). TB-42 showed the highest inhibitory activity against PDE3A along with moderate activity against PDE2A and PDE5A. The antiplatelet activity of PSB-603 and TB-42 may be due to inhibition of PDEs, which induces an increase in cAMP and\/or cGMP concentrations in platelets. The xanthine-based adenosine receptor antagonists were found to be non-cytotoxic for platelets. Some of the compounds showed anti-oxidative properties reducing lipid peroxidation. These results may provide a basis for the future development of multi-target xanthine derivatives for the treatment of inflammation and atherosclerosis and the prevention of heart infarction and stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:26:52Z","timestamp":1693297612000},"page":"13378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antiplatelet Effects of Selected Xanthine-Based Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptor Antagonists Determined in Rat Blood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4878-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kubacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3072-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szczepan","family":"Mogilski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Bednarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pociecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-9709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"\u015awierczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Nicosia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Schabikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, 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