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Unfortunately, the clinical benefits are sometimes variable; thus, improving our knowledge of the possible causes of this variability can help reduce it. Methods: Circulating mononuclear cells (CMCs) and plasma were collected from 16 PwCF (including those on Trikafta\u00ae therapy) and 4 non-CF subjects. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) expression were monitored before and after therapy, together with some clinical parameters. The relationship between MMP9 expression and the modulation of the extracellular-regulated 1\/2 (ERK1\/2) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathways was also analyzed. Results: MMP9, markedly expressed in the CMCs and plasma of all the patients included in the study, was downregulated in the clinically responsive PwCF. In the non-responder, the MMP9 levels remained high. The modulation of MMP9 following treatment with Trikafta\u00ae may be controlled by the NF-kB pathway. Conclusions: These data strongly suggest that MMP9 downregulation is a potential biomarker of therapy efficacy and that it could be useful in understanding the molecular events underlying the variable clinical responses of patients to Trikafta\u00ae. This knowledge could be helpful for future studies of personalized medicine and thereby ensure improvements in individual responses to therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:26:52Z","timestamp":1693297612000},"page":"13384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modulation of Plasmatic Matrix Metalloprotease 9: A Promising New Tool for Understanding the Variable Clinical Responses of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Capraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pedrazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6925-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"De Tullio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2483-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Cresta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Center Genova, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Center Genova, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9463-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Averna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2475911","article-title":"Identification of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene: Cloning and Characterization of Complementary DNA","volume":"245","author":"John","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1377OC","article-title":"Mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Gene and In Vivo Transepithelial Potentials","volume":"174","author":"Wilschanski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. 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