{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:32:16Z","timestamp":1787761936618,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Unit and The Blood Cell Research Group of the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital","award":["751700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["751700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation of the salivary and lacrimal glands, often manifesting as dry mouth and dry eyes. To simplify diagnostics of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS), a non-invasive marker is needed. The aim of the study was to compare the RNA content of salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs) between patients with pSS and healthy controls using microarray technology. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 11 pSS patients and 11 age-matched controls. EV-RNA was isolated from the saliva samples using a Qiagen exoRNeasy Midi Kit and analyzed using Affymetrix Clariom D\u2122 microarrays. A one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean signal values of each transcript between the two groups. A total of 9307 transcripts, coding and non-coding RNA, were detected in all samples. Of these transcripts, 1475 showed statistically significant differential abundance between the pSS and the control groups, generating two distinct EV-RNA patterns. In particular, tRNAs were downregulated in pSS patients, with the transcript tRNA-Ile-AAT-2-1 showing a 2-fold difference, and a promise as a potential biomarker candidate. This study therein demonstrates the potential for using salivary EV-RNA in pSS diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:44:46Z","timestamp":1693388686000},"page":"13409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Non-Coding RNA in Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: A New Frontier in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Diagnostics?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tanya","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7928-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari Bente Foss","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berit Sletbakk","family":"Brusletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine Kamilla","family":"Ommundsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4365-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Marie Siebke","family":"Tr\u00f8seid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8937-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trude","family":"Aspelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole Kristoffer","family":"Olstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Christian Dalsbotten","family":"Aass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde Kanli","family":"Galtung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor Paaske","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Arendal, 4838 Arendal, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0369 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janicke Liaaen","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0455 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reidun","family":"\u00d8vsteb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12536","article-title":"Current concepts on 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