{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:52:19Z","timestamp":1781196739699,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital arthrogryposis (CA) refers to the presence of multiple contractures at birth. It is a feature of several inherited syndromes, notable amongst them are disorders of collagen formation. This review aims to characterize disorders that directly or indirectly impact collagen structure and function leading to CA in search for common phenotypic or pathophysiological features, possible genotype\u2013phenotype correlation, and potential novel treatment approaches based on a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. Nine genes, corresponding to five clinical phenotypes, were identified after a literature search. The most notable trend was the extreme phenotype variability. Clinical features across all syndromes ranged from subtle with minimal congenital contractures, to severe with multiple congenital contractures and extra-articular features including skin, respiratory, or other manifestations. Five of the identified genes were involved in the function of the Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 or 3 enzymes, which enable the hydroxylation and\/or glycosylation of lysyl residues to allow the formation of the collagen superstructure. Whilst current treatment approaches are post-natal surgical correction, there are also potential in-utero therapies being developed. Cyclosporin A showed promise in treating collagen VI disorders although there is an associated risk of immunosuppression. The treatments that could be in the clinical trials soon are the splice correction therapies in collagen VI-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1693556379000},"page":"13545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Features of Congenital Arthrogryposis Due to Abnormalities in Collagen Homeostasis, a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4604-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah MacKenzie","family":"Picker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare Trust, North Shields NE29 8NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Gissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK"},{"name":"Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00281","article-title":"Arthrogryposis: A Review and Update","volume":"91","author":"Bamshad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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