{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T18:47:11Z","timestamp":1785610031800,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 NS119322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS119322"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 CA086862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA086862"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are deadly sarcomas, which desperately need effective therapies. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a common inherited disease. NF1 patients can develop benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), often in adolescence, and over time, some PNFs, but not all, will transform into MPNSTs. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations driving PNF\u2013MPNST transformation will guide development of more targeted and effective treatments for these patients. This review focuses on an oncogenic transcription factor, FOXM1, which is a powerful oncogene in other cancers but little studied in MPNSTs. Elevated expression of FOXM1 was seen in patient MPNSTs and correlated with poor survival, but otherwise, its role in the disease is unknown. We discuss what is known about FOXM1 in MPNSTs relative to other cancers and how FOXM1 may be regulated by and\/or regulate the most commonly altered players in MPNSTs, particularly in the MEK and CDK4\/6 kinase pathways. We conclude by considering FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4\/6 as new, clinically relevant targets for MPNST therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T02:14:50Z","timestamp":1693793690000},"page":"13596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4\/6: New Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"Voigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn E.","family":"Quelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0928-6","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Promoting the Pathogenesis of Schwann Cell Neoplasms","volume":"123","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0518-y","article-title":"Cancer of the Peripheral Nerve in Neurofibromatosis Type 1","volume":"14","author":"Staedtke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27862","article-title":"Combination Therapies for MPNSTs Targeting RABL6A-RB1 Signaling","volume":"12","author":"Kohlmeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos287","article-title":"Survival Meta-Analyses for >1800 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Patients with and without Neurofibromatosis Type 1","volume":"15","author":"Kolberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro. 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