{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:40:36Z","timestamp":1768830036106,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Ente Cassa di Risparmio Firenze","award":["B15F21003630007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B15F21003630007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The composition of the gut microbiota (GM) undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, influenced by metabolic status, energy homeostasis, fat storage, and hormonal and immunological modifications. Moreover, dysbiosis during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, which is influenced by factors such as cervical shortening, infection, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, dysbiosis also affects the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and free fatty acids (FFA) in other tissues and the bloodstream. In this study, we investigated the plasmatic levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-8 (IL-8), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and microbial markers in pregnant women with a short cervix (\u226425 mm) compared to those with normal cervical length (&gt;25 mm). We examined the differences in the concentration of these markers between the two groups, also assessing the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus. Understanding the relationship between GM dysbiosis, inflammatory mediators, and cervical changes during pregnancy may contribute to the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and management of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1693822451000},"page":"13653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring Plasma-Level Gut Microbiota Mediators and Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Pregnant Women with Short Cervix and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Silvano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Niccolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5151-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Seravalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Nannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pallecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Bartolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Parenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amedeo","family":"Amedei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Di Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0331-y","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Immune System, and Bone","volume":"102","author":"Sassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif. 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