{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:16:30Z","timestamp":1773861390669,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL136438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL136438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical regulators of cardiac physiology and a key therapeutic target for the treatment of heart disease. Ectopic olfactory receptors (ORs) are GPCRs expressed in extra-nasal tissues which have recently emerged as new mediators in the metabolic control of cardiac function. The goals of this study were to profile OR gene expression in the human heart, to identify ORs dysregulated by heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy, and to provide evidence suggestive of a role for those altered ORs in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Left ventricular tissue from heart failure patients (n = 18) and non-failing heart samples (n = 4) were subjected to a two-step transcriptome analysis consisting of the quantification of 372 distinct OR transcripts on real-time PCR arrays and simultaneous determination of global cardiac gene expression by RNA sequencing. This strategy led to the identification of &gt;160 ORs expressed in the human heart, including 38 receptors differentially regulated with heart failure. Co-expression analyses predicted the involvement of dysregulated ORs in the alteration of mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation. We provide this dataset as a resource for investigating roles of ORs in the human heart, with the hope that it will assist in the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T09:46:20Z","timestamp":1693907180000},"page":"13709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Two-Step Transcriptome Analysis of the Human Heart Reveals Broad and Disease-Responsive Expression of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sadia","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. Howard","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Heart Institute at Baylor St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Heart Institute at Baylor St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5434-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinrich","family":"Taegtmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5040-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Harmancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa147","article-title":"Burden of heart failure and underlying causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017","volume":"28","author":"Bragazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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