{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:45:10Z","timestamp":1790631910313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017669","name":"Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Tai Mountain Industry Leading Talent of Shandong","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Biosafety Research Program","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Program of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project of Qingdao","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["2022Q10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Q10"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["AA21196002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA21196002"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["32000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000074"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["42176130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176130"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["ZR2021MD044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD044"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["2019TSCYCX-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSCYCX-06"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["2021TZXD008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TZXD008"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["20SWAQX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SWAQX04"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["2022QNLM030003-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022QNLM030003-1"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-3hysf-1-hy"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-13-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-1-4-xxgg-20-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-3-5-yqpy-10-qy"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Program of Jinan","award":["202228041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202228041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The previous study successfully established an expression strain of \u03b6-carotene-like compounds (CLC) and demonstrated its remarkable antioxidant activity, which exhibited resistance to photodamage caused by UVB radiation on the skin following gavage administration. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact and mechanism of CLC on UVB-induced skin damage through topical application. Cell viability, anti-apoptotic activity, ROS scavenging ability, the inhibition of melanin synthesis, the regulation of inflammatory factors and collagen deposition were assessed in cells and mice using qRT-PCR, WB, Elisa assays, immunohistochemistry staining and biochemical kits, etc. The experimental results demonstrated that CLC-mitigated apoptosis induced by UVB irradiation up-regulated the Keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE antioxidant pathway to attenuate levels of ROS and inflammatory factors (NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-\u03b2), and suppressed MAPK\/AP-1 and CAMP\/PKA\/CREB signaling pathways to mitigate collagen degradation, skin aging and melanin formation. In conclusion, this study underscored the potential of CLC as a safe and efficacious source of antioxidants, positioning it as a promising ingredient in the formulation of cosmetics targeting anti-aging, skin brightening and sunburn repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241813970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T04:38:48Z","timestamp":1694493528000},"page":"13970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Protective Effects of \u03b6-Carotene-like Compounds against Acute UVB-Induced Skin Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengke","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changfeng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlai","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory, Qingdao Key Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.52586\/4932","article-title":"Harish Biosynthesis and extraction of high-value carotenoid from algae","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00316","article-title":"Isomerization of Commercially Important Carotenoids (Lycopene, \u03b2-Carotene, and Astaxanthin) by Natural Catalysts: Isothiocyanates and Polysulfides","volume":"68","author":"Honda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.03.007","article-title":"Carotenoid radical chemistry and antioxidant\/pro-oxidant properties","volume":"430","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"243","article-title":"UV light and skin aging","volume":"29","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-5956-8-13","article-title":"Effects of UVB-induced oxidative stress on protein expression and specific protein oxidation in normal human epithelial keratinocytes: A proteomic approach","volume":"8","author":"Perluigi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27417","article-title":"Helianthus annuus L. flower prevents UVB-induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblasts by regulating the MAPK\/AP-1, NFAT, and Nrf2 signaling pathways","volume":"120","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12968","article-title":"Thymus vulgaris alleviates UVB irradiation induced skin damage via inhibition of MAPK \/ AP -1 and activation of Nrf2- ARE antioxidant system","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00747.x","article-title":"UV-induced DNA damage initiates release of MMP-1 in human skin","volume":"17","author":"Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4020248","article-title":"Mechanisms of Photoaging and Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis, and Photoprotective Strategies with Phytochemicals","volume":"4","author":"Bosch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bsr20210427","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20210427","article-title":"Modulating skin colour: Role of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in regulating melanogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.034819","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene and other carotenoids in protection from sunlight","volume":"96","author":"Stahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-018-2104-7","article-title":"Microbial platforms to produce commercially vital carotenoids at industrial scale: An updated review of critical issues","volume":"46","author":"Saini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-017-9715-7","article-title":"Plant extracts and natural compounds used against UVB-induced photoaging","volume":"18","author":"Cavinato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L.P., Wang, K., Liang, S.X., Cao, J.H., Yao, M.K., Qin, L., Qu, C.F., and Miao, J.L. (2023). Beneficial effect of \u03b6-carotene-like compounds on acute UVB irradiation by alleviating inflammation and regulating intestinal flora. Food Funct., accepted.","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO02502K"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(98)00182-1","article-title":"Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth\u2019s surface","volume":"46","author":"Madronich","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.09.036","article-title":"Anti-melanogenic effects of oyster hydrolysate in UVB-irradiated C57BL\/6J mice and B16F10 melanoma cells via downregulation of cAMP signaling pathway","volume":"229","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.03.039","article-title":"Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery system in human oral cancer cell line (KB)","volume":"110","author":"Arulmozhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03041","article-title":"Roles of Carotenoids in Invertebrate Immunology","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5198","article-title":"Gallic Acid Regulates Skin Photoaging in UVB-exposed Fibroblast and Hairless Mice","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1217-0_12","article-title":"Using TUNEL Assay to Quantitate p53-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Tissues","volume":"2267","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12690","article-title":"Role of ingestible carotenoids in skin protection: A review of clinical evidence","volume":"37","author":"Baswan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100232","article-title":"Photoprotection by dietary carotenoids: Concept, mechanisms, evidence and future development","volume":"56","author":"Stahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110649","article-title":"Bryophytes as a source of bioactive volatile terpenoids\u2014A review","volume":"132","author":"Ludwiczuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311401","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling","volume":"122","author":"Forrester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","article-title":"Role of Nrf2 in Oxidative Stress and Toxicity","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140229","article-title":"Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Gene Expression Mediated by the Antioxidant Response Element","volume":"43","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2571(02)00038-9","article-title":"Importance of phase 2 gene regulation in protection against electrophile and reactive oxygen toxicity and carcinogenesis","volume":"43","author":"Talalay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Enzym. Regul."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11673","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i41.11673","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S.H., Ballinger, E., Choung, S.-Y., and Kwon, J.Y. (2022). Anti-Photoaging Effect of Hydrolysates from Pacific Whiting Skin via MAPK\/AP-1, NF-\u03baB, TGF-\u03b2\/Smad, and Nrf-2\/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in UVB-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20050308"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, C., Li, N., Liu, T., He, Y., and Miao, J. (2022). Preparation of CPD Photolyase Nanoliposomes Derived from Antarctic Microalgae and Their Effect on UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315148"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"8230646","article-title":"UVB-Induced Secretion of IL-1\u03b2 Promotes Melanogenesis by Upregulating TYR\/TRP-1 Expression In Vitro","volume":"2022","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.026","article-title":"MYO5A Gene Is a Target of MITF in Melanocytes","volume":"137","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, H.Y., Jeong, D., Park, S.H., Shin, K.K., Hong, Y.H., Kim, E., Yu, Y.-G., Kim, T.-R., Kim, H., and Lee, J. (2020). Antiwrinkle and Antimelanogenesis Effects of Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus KCCM12625P. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051620"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1064","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo studies disclosed the depigmenting effects of gallic acid: A novel skin lightening agent for hyperpigmentary skin diseases","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27492","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB-induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP\/PKA and ROS\/MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"234","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, H., Wang, G., Chen, L., Jiang, J., Liu, L., Li, N., Zhao, J., Sun, X., and Zhou, P. (2016). Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs at early stage of skin pigmentation in goats (Capra hircus). BMC Genom., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2365-3"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2020.2313","article-title":"Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate HaCaT Cell Photo-Aging","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.04.055","article-title":"Lucidone protects human skin keratinocytes against free radical-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through the up-regulation of HO-1\/Nrf2 antioxidant genes and down-regulation of NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"59","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32447-6","article-title":"Metabolite accumulation and metabolic network in developing roots of Rehmannia glutinosa reveals its root developmental mechanism and quality","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.11.001","article-title":"Antioxidant cinnamaldehyde attenuates UVB-induced photoaging","volume":"96","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700510","article-title":"Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCat keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"127","author":"Afaq","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13384","article-title":"Evaluation of Acute Reactions on Mouse Skin Irradiated with 222 and 235 nm UV-C","volume":"97","author":"Yamano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1741332","article-title":"PI3KC3 complex subunit NRBF2 is required for apoptotic cell clearance to restrict intestinal inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23403","article-title":"Cross-Inhibition of Norrin and TGF-\u03b2 Signaling Modulates Development of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature","volume":"59","author":"Seitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.01.009","article-title":"Ferulic acid, a phenolic phytochemical, inhibits UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinases in mouse skin via posttranslational mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Staniforth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/18\/13970\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:49:11Z","timestamp":1760129351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/18\/13970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241813970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241813970","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}}}