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Knowledge about the pathobiology and molecular characteristics of this condition is limited. In this study, the crosstalk between stromal cells and tumor cells was investigated in vitro in order to reveal factors that are present in PF which can mediate MPE formation and aid in discriminating between benign and malignant etiologies. Eighteen PF samples, in different proportions, were exposed in vitro to mesothelial MeT-5A cells to determine the biological effects on these cells. Treatment of normal mesothelial MeT-5A cells with malignant PF increased cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and activated different survival-related signaling pathways. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs in PF samples that could be responsible for these changes. Consistently, bioinformatics analysis revealed an enrichment of the discovered miRNAs in migration-related processes. Notably, the abundance of three miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-203a-3, and miR-200c-3p) correctly classified MPEs with false-negative cytological examination results, indicating the potential of these molecules for improving diagnosis. Malignant PF produces phenotypic and functional changes in normal mesothelial cells. These changes are partly mediated by certain miRNAs, which, in turn, could serve to differentiate malignant from benign effusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T09:57:56Z","timestamp":1694685476000},"page":"14022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MicroRNAs Present in Malignant Pleural Fluid Increase the Migration of Normal Mesothelial Cells In Vitro and May Help Discriminate between Benign and Malignant Effusions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4905-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Marqu\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariona","family":"Pont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4764-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alba","family":"Sorolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonieta","family":"Salud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabel","family":"Sorolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2734-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Porcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Pleural Medicine and Clinical Ultrasound Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0019-2016","article-title":"Malignant pleural effusion: From bench to bedside","volume":"25","author":"Psallidas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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