{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:56:38Z","timestamp":1792072598864,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42076093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42076093"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42276143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276143"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program","award":["42076093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42076093"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Program","award":["42276143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aestivation is considered to be one of the \u201cpurest\u201d hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1694746453000},"page":"14093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chunxi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7363-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth B.","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2005.01325.x","article-title":"Effects of body size and water temperature on food consumption and growth in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with special reference to aestivation","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aquacult. 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