{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T04:11:13Z","timestamp":1776485473802,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region Stockholm","award":["RS 2019-1054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2019-1054"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm","award":["RS 2021-0933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2021-0933"]}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm","award":["20210273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210273"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart\u2013Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS 2019-1054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2019-1054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart\u2013Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS 2021-0933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS 2021-0933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart\u2013Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myocardial infarction (MI) with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD) and MI in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) affect different populations and may have separate pathophysiological mechanisms, with greater inflammatory activity in MINOCA compared to MI-CAD. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) can cause systemic inflammation and has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate whether Hp infection is associated with concentrations of protein biomarkers of inflammation and CVD. In a case-control study, patients with MINOCA (n = 99) in Sweden were included, complemented by matched subjects with MI-CAD (n = 99) and controls (n = 100). Protein biomarkers were measured with a proximity extension assay in plasma samples collected 3 months after MI. The seroprevalence of Hp and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) was determined using ELISA. The associations between protein levels and Hp status were studied with linear regression. The prevalence of Hp was 20.2%, 19.2%, and 16.0% for MINOCA, MI-CAD, and controls, respectively (p = 0.73). Seven proteins were associated with Hp in an adjusted model: tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), pappalysin-1 (PAPPA), soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). Hp infection was present in one in five patients with MI, irrespective of the presence of obstructive CAD. Inflammatory proteins were elevated in Hp-positive subjects, thus not ruling out that Hp may promote an inflammatory response and potentially contribute to the development of CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T06:12:21Z","timestamp":1694931141000},"page":"14143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Helicobacter pylori and Pro-Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Myocardial Infarction with and without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2127-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan","family":"W\u00e4rme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin O.","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7887-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Hjort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Agewall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olov","family":"Collste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Ekenb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8983-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loghman","family":"Henareh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Coronary Artery Disease Area, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Hofman-Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2135-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Spaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peder","family":"S\u00f6rensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Artery Disease Area, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shams","family":"Y-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Coronary Artery Disease Area, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertil","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Tornvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e891","article-title":"Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of 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