{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:14:11Z","timestamp":1790957651591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/00594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia, but it shows similar initial symptoms to other neurocognitive diseases (Lewy body disease (LBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)). Thus, the identification of reliable AD plasma biomarkers is required. The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of a few plasma biomarkers to develop an early and specific AD screening method. Plasma p-Tau181, neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were determined by Single Molecule Assay (SIMOA\u00ae Quanterix, Billerica, MA, USA) in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, n = 50), AD dementia (n = 10), FTD (n = 20), LBD (n = 5), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI (n = 21)). Plasma p-Tau181 and GFAP showed the highest levels in AD dementia, and significant correlations with clinical AD characteristics; meanwhile, NfL showed the highest levels in FTD, but no significant correlations with AD. The partial least squares (PLS) diagnosis model developed between the AD and SCI groups showed good accuracy with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) of 0.935 (CI 95% 0.87\u20130.98), sensitivity of 86%, and specificity of 88%. In a first screen, NfL plasma levels could identify FTD patients among subjects with cognitive impairment. Then, the developed PLS model including p-Tau181 and GFAP levels could identify AD patients, constituting a simple, early, and specific diagnosis approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T06:12:21Z","timestamp":1694931141000},"page":"14151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Screening Approach Using Plasma Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7016-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"\u00c1lvarez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ferr\u00e9-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroinmunology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Math Faculty, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonaventura","family":"Casanova-Estruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroinmunology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0711-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consuelo","family":"Ch\u00e1fer-Peric\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"388","author":"Scheltens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (2018). 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