{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T17:22:53Z","timestamp":1785604973015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2021-1343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2021-1343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, various combinations of dimensionality reduction methods with data clustering methods for the analysis of biopsy samples of intracranial tumors were investigated. Fresh biopsies of intracranial tumors were studied in the Laboratory of Neurosurgical Anatomy and Preservation of Biological Materials of N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Medical Center no later than 4 h after surgery. The spectra of Protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) fluorescence, diffuse reflectance (DR) and Raman scattering (RS) of biopsy samples were recorded. Diffuse reflectance studies were carried out using a white light source in the visible region. Raman scattering spectra were obtained using a 785 nm laser. Patients diagnosed with meningioma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma were studied. We used the cluster analysis method to detect natural clusters in the data sample presented in the feature space formed based on the spectrum analysis. For data analysis, four clustering algorithms with eight dimensionality reduction algorithms were considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T05:32:45Z","timestamp":1695360765000},"page":"14432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Optical Differentiation of Brain Tumors Based on Raman Spectroscopy and Cluster Analysis Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Anuar","family":"Ospanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Romanishkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Savelieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kosyrkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryopreservation and Molecular Genetic Analysis, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Shugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryopreservation and Molecular Genetic Analysis, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Goryaynov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryopreservation and Molecular Genetic Analysis, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryopreservation and Molecular Genetic Analysis, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, 125047 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Pronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryopreservation and Molecular Genetic Analysis, N.N. 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