{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:19:23Z","timestamp":1790752763928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center of Poland","award":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ6\/01544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ6\/01544"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is the primary causative agent of Legionnaires\u2019 disease. The mutant-type strain interrupted in the ORF7 gene region responsible for the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of the L. pneumophila strain Heysham-1, lacking the O-acetyl groups attached to the rhamnose of the core part, showed a higher surface polarity compared with the wild-type strain. The measurement of excitation energy transfer between fluorophores located on the surface of bacteria and eukaryotic cells showed that, at an early stage of interaction with host cells, the mutant exhibited weaker interactions with Acanthamoeba castellanii cells and THP-1-derived macrophages. The mutant displayed reduced adherence to macrophages but enhanced adherence to A. castellanii, suggesting that the O-acetyl group of the LPS core region plays a crucial role in facilitating interaction with macrophages. The lack of core rhamnose O-acetyl groups made it easier for the bacteria to multiply in amoebae and macrophages. The mutant induced TNF-\u03b1 production more strongly compared with the wild-type strain. The mutant synthesized twice as many ceramides Cer(t34:0) and Cer(t38:0) than the wild-type strain. The study showed that the internal sugars of the LPS core region of L. pneumophila sg 1 can interact with eukaryotic cell surface receptors and mediate in contacting and attaching bacteria to host cells as well as modulating the immune response to infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:04:18Z","timestamp":1695783858000},"page":"14602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Facilitates Interaction with Host Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Kaczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szuster-Ciesielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Luchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142aw I.","family":"Gruszecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Core Facility Metabolomics, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina E.","family":"Galuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Core Facility Metabolomics, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Choma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Tarasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8540-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Palusi\u0144ska-Szysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisar, M.A., Ross, K.E., Brown, M.H., Bentham, R., and Whiley, H. 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