{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:28:48Z","timestamp":1789705728841,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center\u2013Environmental Laboratory","award":["W912HZ-22-C0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W912HZ-22-C0014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum dots (QDs) are a type of nanoparticle with excellent optical properties, suitable for many optical-based biomedical applications. However, the potential of quantum dots to be used in clinical settings is limited by their toxicity. As such, much effort has been invested to examine the mechanism of QDs\u2019 toxicity. Yet, the current literature mainly focuses on ROS- and apoptosis-mediated cell death induced by QDs, which overlooks other aspects of QDs\u2019 toxicity. Thus, our study aimed to provide another way by which QDs negatively impact cellular processes by investigating the possibility of protein structure and function modification upon direct interaction. Through shotgun proteomics, we identified a number of QD-binding proteins, which are functionally associated with essential cellular processes and components, such as transcription, translation, vesicular trafficking, and the actin cytoskeleton. Among these proteins, we chose to closely examine the interaction between quantum dots and actin, as actin is one of the most abundant proteins in cells and plays crucial roles in cellular processes and structural maintenance. We found that CdSe\/ZnS QDs spontaneously bind to G-actin in vitro, causing a static quenching of G-actin\u2019s intrinsic fluorescence. Furthermore, we found that this interaction favors the formation of a QD\u2013actin complex with a binding ratio of 1:2.5. Finally, we also found that CdSe\/ZnS QDs alter the secondary structure of G-actin, which may affect G-actin\u2019s function and properties. Overall, our study provides an in-depth mechanistic examination of the impact of CdSe\/ZnS QDs on G-actin, proposing that direct interaction is another aspect of QDs\u2019 toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T16:57:06Z","timestamp":1696179426000},"page":"14760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interactions between Quantum Dots and G-Actin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nhi","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishu","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Springfield, MO 65806, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Springfield, MO 65806, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0896-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungtae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c19926","article-title":"A Novel Quantum Dot-Based PH Probe for Long-Term Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Experiments in Living Cells","volume":"14","author":"Bravo","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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