{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:38:57Z","timestamp":1793083137188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often refractory to platinum-based radiochemotherapy and new immuno-oncological strategies. To stimulate immunogenic antitumor responses in HNSCC patients, we investigated the cGAS\/STING\/IFN-1 signaling pathway after genotoxic treatments and concomitant abrogation of the DNA damage response (DDR). For this purpose, FaDu and UM-SCC1 cells were exposed to X-rays or cisplatin and treated with an ATR or Chk1 inhibitor, or by Fanconi anemia gene A knockout (FANCA ko). We assessed clonogenic survival, cell cycle regulation, micronuclei, free cytosolic double-stranded DNA, and the protein expression and activity of the cGAS\/STING\/IFN-1 pathway and related players. Cell survival, regulation of G2\/M arrest, and formation of rupture-prone cGAS-positive micronuclei after genotoxic treatments were most affected by ATR inhibition and FANCA ko. In UM-SCC-1 cells only, 8 Gy X-rays promoted IFN-1 expression unaltered by abrogation of the DDR or concomitant increased TREX1 expression. At a higher dose of 20 Gy, this effect was observed only for concurrent Chk1- or ATR-inhibition. FANCA ko or cisplatin treatment was ineffective in this regard. Our observations open new perspectives for the enhancement of cGAS\/STING\/IFN-1-mediated antitumor immune response in HNSCC by hypofractionated or stereotactic radiotherapy concepts in multimodal settings with immuno-oncological strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1696420737000},"page":"14900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The cGAS\/STING\/IFN-1 Response in Squamous Head and Neck Cancer Cells after Genotoxic Challenges and Abrogation of the ATR-Chk1 and Fanconi Anemia Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-3258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zahnreich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumia","family":"El Guerzyfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0189-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justus","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Schmidberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00224-3","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1715715","article-title":"Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"382","author":"Chow","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23724","article-title":"Current treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer","volume":"110","author":"Belcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"x173","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds299","article-title":"Treatment choice for locally advanced head and neck cancers on the basis of risk factors: Biological risk factors","volume":"23","author":"Braakhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01522","article-title":"Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Unsuitable to Receive Cisplatin-Based Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Porceddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.0963","article-title":"Current Treatment Options for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Sacco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.0101","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines Insights: Head and Neck Cancers, Version 2.2017","volume":"15","author":"Adelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30737-3","article-title":"Avelumab plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2020-0184","article-title":"Pembrolizumab given concomitantly with chemoradiation and as maintenance therapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: KEYNOTE-412","volume":"16","author":"Machiels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.006","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus cetuximab concurrent with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck unfit for cisplatin (GORTEC 2015-01 PembroRad): A multicenter, randomized, phase II trial","volume":"34","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.70.1524","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for Platinum- and Cetuximab-Refractory Head and Neck Cancer: Results from a Single-Arm, Phase II Study","volume":"35","author":"Bauml","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30066-3","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): An open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial","volume":"17","author":"Seiwert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00782-x","article-title":"Emerging evidence for adapting radiotherapy to immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180869","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2023.1180869","article-title":"The immunogenic radiation and new players in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"4","author":"Sharon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00156","article-title":"Novel Approaches to Improve the Efficacy of Immuno-Radiotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Shevtsov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15618","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15618","article-title":"DNA exonuclease Trex1 regulates radiotherapy-induced tumour immunogenicity","volume":"8","author":"Alard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0151-1","article-title":"DNA sensing by the cGAS-STING pathway in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Motwani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaes, R.D.W., Hendriks, L.E.L., Vooijs, M., and De Ruysscher, D. (2021). Biomarkers of Radiotherapy-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040930"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1821","article-title":"ATR Inhibition Potentiates the Radiation-induced Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Dillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129497","article-title":"HPV16 drives cancer immune escape via NLRX1-mediated degradation of STING","volume":"130","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.05.004","article-title":"cGAS-STING responses are dampened in high-risk HPV type 16 positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells","volume":"132","author":"Shaikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3291","article-title":"DNA tumor virus oncogenes antagonize the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway","volume":"350","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.07.010","article-title":"Loss of HPV type 16 E7 restores cGAS-STING responses in human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas cells","volume":"54","author":"Bortnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07927-y","article-title":"BRCA2 deficiency instigates cGAS-mediated inflammatory signaling and confers sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Heijink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landelouci, K., Sinha, S., and P\u00e9pin, G. (2022). Type-I Interferon Signaling in Fanconi Anemia. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.820273"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18198","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24797","article-title":"Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination gene variants are associated with functional DNA repair defects in vitro and poor outcome in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Verhagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000101542","article-title":"Downregulation of Fanconi anemia genes in sporadic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Wreesmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"ORL J. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Relat. Spec."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30802","article-title":"Assessing the spectrum of germline variation in Fanconi anemia genes among patients with head and neck carcinoma before age 50","volume":"123","author":"Chandrasekharappa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"505","article-title":"Pyrosequencing-based DNA methylation profiling of Fanconi anemia\/BRCA pathway genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Szaumkessel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-021-00655-4","article-title":"Age-specific oncogenic pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma\u2014Are elderly a different subcategory?","volume":"45","author":"Halmos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050422","article-title":"The Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Niraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05253-4","article-title":"Genomic signature of Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway deficiency in cancer","volume":"612","author":"Webster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.05.005","article-title":"Upregulated LINE-1 Activity in the Fanconi Anemia Cancer Susceptibility Syndrome Leads to Spontaneous Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production","volume":"8","author":"Guerra","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12234","article-title":"Cancer risks in Fanconi anemia: Findings from the German Fanconi Anemia Registry","volume":"93","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.1.106","article-title":"High incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients with Fanconi anemia","volume":"129","author":"Kutler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23470","article-title":"Mitotic progression following DNA damage enables pattern recognition within micronuclei","volume":"548","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23449","article-title":"cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity","volume":"548","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.203","article-title":"IFN\u03b2-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage","volume":"32","author":"Cheon","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.6","article-title":"Using immunotherapy to boost the abscopal effect","volume":"18","author":"Ngwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.06.035","article-title":"HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines but not primary human fibroblasts are radiosensitized by the inhibition of Chk1","volume":"108","author":"Busch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol. J. Eur. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-0946","article-title":"CHK1\/2 Inhibitor Prexasertib Suppresses NOTCH Signaling and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2020.102992","article-title":"Compromised repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in Fanconi anemia fibroblasts in G2","volume":"96","author":"Zahnreich","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dok, R., Glorieux, M., Bamps, M., and Nuyts, S. (2021). Effect of ATR Inhibition in RT Response of HPV-Negative and HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041504"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faulhaber, E.M., Jost, T., Symank, J., Scheper, J., B\u00fcrkel, F., Fietkau, R., Hecht, M., and Distel, L.V. (2021). Kinase Inhibitors of DNA-PK, ATM and ATR in Combination with Ionizing Radiation Can Increase Tumor Cell Death in HNSCC Cells While Sparing Normal Tissue Cells. Genes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060925"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-019-0147-x","article-title":"Targeting the cell cycle in head and neck cancer by Chk1 inhibition: A novel concept of bimodal cell death","volume":"8","author":"Buijze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2022.2","article-title":"Particle radiotherapy and molecular therapies: Mechanisms and strategies towards clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Helm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625833","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.625833","article-title":"Signaling Through Nucleic Acid Sensors and Their Roles in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Okude","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104036","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019104036","article-title":"ATR inhibition potentiates ionizing radiation-induced interferon response via cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97920","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18542","article-title":"Changes in programmed death-ligand 1 expression during cisplatin treatment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Ock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14197","article-title":"Regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in response to DNA damage in cancer cells: Implications for precision medicine","volume":"110","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01883-9","article-title":"DNA double-strand break repair pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlsen, L., Zhang, S., Tian, X., De La Cruz, A., George, A., Arnoff, T.E., and El-Deiry, W.S. (2023). The role of p53 in anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Front. Mol. Biosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1148389"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.01.003","article-title":"Mutant p53 suppresses innate immune signaling to promote tumorigenesis","volume":"39","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.12.023","article-title":"p53 engages the cGAS\/STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway for tumor suppression","volume":"83","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird, J.R., Feng, Z., Xiao, H.D., Friedman, D., Cottam, B., Fox, B.A., Kramer, G., Leidner, R.S., Bell, R.B., and Young, K.H. (2017). STING expression and response to treatment with STING ligands in premalignant and malignant disease. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187532"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15747","article-title":"Targeting DNA damage response pathways to activate the STING innate immune signaling pathway in human cancer cells","volume":"288","author":"Wayne","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5168","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1259","article-title":"Treatment of Fanconi Anemia-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: Opportunities to Improve Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1405","article-title":"State of p53, Rb and DCC tumor suppressor genes in human oral cancer cell lines","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489609137854","article-title":"Increased radiosensitivity is associated with p53 mutations in cell lines derived from oral cavity carcinoma","volume":"116","author":"Servomaa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34506","article-title":"Fanconi anemia-isogenic head and neck cancer cell line pairs\u2014A basic and translational science resource","volume":"153","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114210","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23174","article-title":"Personalized therapy: CNS HGNET-BCOR responsiveness to arsenic trioxide combined with radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Paret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01338","article-title":"Spontaneous and Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Primary Fibroblasts of Patients with Pediatric First and Second Neoplasms","volume":"10","author":"Zahnreich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623964","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.623964","article-title":"Oxygen Deprivation Modulates EGFR and PD-L1 in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck","volume":"11","author":"Zahnreich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2022.103435","article-title":"Replication stress drives chromosomal instability in fibroblasts of childhood cancer survivors with second primary neoplasms","volume":"122","author":"Zahnreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.135","article-title":"Analysis of nuclear RNA interference in human cells by subcellular fractionation and Argonaute loading","volume":"9","author":"Gagnon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/19\/14900\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:05:23Z","timestamp":1760130323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/19\/14900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241914900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241914900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]}}}