{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:33:21Z","timestamp":1760150001703,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013704","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["257549","202322","217223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["257549","202322","217223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","award":["257549","202322","217223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["257549","202322","217223"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic alterations such as inflammation and insulin resistance accompany hypothyroidism. Molecular iodine (I2) exerts antioxidant and differentiation actions in several tissues, and the pancreas is an iodine-uptake tissue. We analyzed the effect of two oral I2 doses on pancreatic disorders in a model of hypothyroidism for 30 days. Adult female rabbits were divided into the following groups: control, moderate oral dose of I2 (0.2 mg\/kg, M-I2), high oral dose of I2 (2.0 mg\/kg, H-I2), oral dose of methimazole (MMI; 10 mg\/kg), MMI + M-I2,, and MMI + H-I2. Moderate or high I2 supplementation did not modify circulating metabolites or pancreatic morphology. The MMI group showed reductions of circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), moderate glucose increments, and significant increases in cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. Acinar fibrosis, high insulin content, lipoperoxidation, and overexpression of GLUT4 were observed in the pancreas of this group. M-I2 supplementation normalized the T4 and cholesterol, but T3 remained low. Pancreatic alterations were prevented, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), antioxidant enzymes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) maintained their basal values. In MMI + H-I2, hypothyroidism was avoided, but pancreatic alterations and low PPARG expression remained. In conclusion, M-I2 supplementation reestablishes thyronine synthesis and diminishes pancreatic alterations, possibly related to Nrf2 and PPARG activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T03:05:19Z","timestamp":1696475119000},"page":"14903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Preventive Effect of Molecular Iodine in Pancreatic Disorders from Hypothyroid Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Castel\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Juriquilla 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelina","family":"Delgado-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Juriquilla 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Castel\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3960-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela","family":"Cuevas-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7744-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Juriquilla 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Jeziorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Juriquilla 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9418-8304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Aceves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Juriquilla 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861034","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2861034","article-title":"The roles of thyroid and thyroid hormone in pancreas: Physiology and pathology","volume":"2018","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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