{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:25:46Z","timestamp":1790436346962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Univ Rennes)","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Univ Rennes)","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Univ Rennes)","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Univ Rennes)","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Univ Rennes)","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Actions de Recherche Concert\u00e9es","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Contre le Cancer","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Contre le Cancer","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Contre le Cancer","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Contre le Cancer","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Contre le Cancer","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]},{"name":"Caratterizzazione cristallochimica e studio della reattivit\u00e0 di superficie di fibre minerali di interesse ambiantale e sanitario ai fini di un\u2019accurata analisa del rischio di contaminazione","award":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b02018\/1\/149"]}]},{"name":"Caratterizzazione cristallochimica e studio della reattivit\u00e0 di superficie di fibre minerali di interesse ambiantale e sanitario ai fini di un\u2019accurata analisa del rischio di contaminazione","award":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARC 19\/24-098, CYTAID"]}]},{"name":"Caratterizzazione cristallochimica e studio della reattivit\u00e0 di superficie di fibre minerali di interesse ambiantale e sanitario ai fini di un\u2019accurata analisa del rischio di contaminazione","award":["2019-219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-219"]}]},{"name":"Caratterizzazione cristallochimica e studio della reattivit\u00e0 di superficie di fibre minerali di interesse ambiantale e sanitario ai fini di un\u2019accurata analisa del rischio di contaminazione","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Caratterizzazione cristallochimica e studio della reattivit\u00e0 di superficie di fibre minerali di interesse ambiantale e sanitario ai fini di un\u2019accurata analisa del rischio di contaminazione","award":["57.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57.1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While exposure to long amphibolic asbestos fibers (L &gt; 10 \u00b5m) results in the development of severe diseases including inflammation, fibrosis, and mesothelioma, the pathogenic activity associated with short fibers (L &lt; 5 \u00b5m) is less clear. By exposing murine macrophages to short (SFA) or long (LFA) fibers of amosite asbestos different in size and surface chemistry, we observed that SFA internalization resulted in pyroptotic-related immunogenic cell death (ICD) characterized by the release of the pro-inflammatory damage signal (DAMP) IL-1\u03b1 after inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-pore formation. In contrast, macrophage responses to non-internalizable LFA were associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) release, caspase-3 and -7 activation, and apoptosis. SFA effects exclusively resulted from Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) recognized for its ability to sense particles, while the response to LFA was elicited by a multifactorial ignition system involving the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (SR-A6 or MARCO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascade, and TLR4. Our findings indicate that asbestos fiber size and surface features play major roles in modulating ICD and inflammatory pathways. They also suggest that SFA are biologically reactive in vitro and, therefore, their inflammatory and toxic effects in vivo should not be underestimated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T06:07:26Z","timestamp":1697177246000},"page":"15145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Distinct Pro-Inflammatory Mechanisms Elicited by Short and Long Amosite Asbestos Fibers in Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2570-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Leinardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmine Rita","family":"Petriglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cG. Scansetti\u201d Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Pochet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousof","family":"Yakoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Lelong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Lescoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5806-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Turci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cG. Scansetti\u201d Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Lecureur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Huaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IARC (2012). Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum., 100, 11\u2013465."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2012.756454","article-title":"Health risk of chrysotile revisited","volume":"43","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-012-9500-0","article-title":"State-of-the-science assessment of non-asbestos amphibole exposure: Is there a cancer risk?","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2011.556045","article-title":"Applying definitions of \u201casbestos\u201d to environmental and \u201clow-dose\u201d exposure levels and health effects, particularly malignant mesothelioma","volume":"14","author":"Case","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"544","article-title":"The pathology of asbestos-associated diseases of the lungs and pleural cavities: Diagnostic criteria and proposed grading schema. Report of the Pneumoconiosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","volume":"106","author":"Craighead","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70257-2","article-title":"Asbestos is not just asbestos: An unrecognised health hazard","volume":"14","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-021-00215-0","article-title":"Recent progress and perspectives on the mechanisms underlying Asbestos toxicity","volume":"43","author":"Kuroda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"13","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cMechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis\u201d published in 2009","volume":"85","author":"Toyokuni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nagoya J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2018.1435756","article-title":"Asbestos fiber length and its relation to disease risk","volume":"29","author":"Barlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2022.2056430","article-title":"The health effects of short fiber chrysotile and amphibole asbestos","volume":"52","author":"Bernstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-59","article-title":"Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: A review of fiber size toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Boulanger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-34","article-title":"Use of back-scatter electron signals to visualise cell\/nanowires interactions in vitro and in vivo; frustrated phagocytosis of long fibres in macrophages and compartmentalisation in mesothelial cells in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Schinwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-5","article-title":"Asbestos, carbon nanotubes and the pleural mesothelium: A review of the hypothesis regarding the role of long fibre retention in the parietal pleura, inflammation and mesothelioma","volume":"7","author":"Donaldson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"5922","article-title":"Role of oxyradicals in mutagenicity and DNA damage induced by crocidolite asbestos in mammalian cells","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm166","article-title":"Internalization of Libby amphibole asbestos and induction of oxidative stress in murine macrophages","volume":"99","author":"Blake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10263","article-title":"Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity: A critical review","volume":"44","author":"Dodson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2005.01.015","article-title":"Short, thin asbestos fibers contribute to the development of human malignant mesothelioma: Pathological evidence","volume":"208","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509532026","article-title":"Alveolar macrophage cytokine and growth factor production in a rat model of crocidolite-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"46","author":"Driscoll","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-015-9744-4","article-title":"Inflammatory Cytokines Contribute to Asbestos-Induced Injury of Mesothelial Cells","volume":"193","author":"Acencio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00687-0","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(01)00307-7","article-title":"Scavenger receptors in innate immunity","volume":"14","author":"Peiser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/15476910802085863","article-title":"Role of scavenger receptor a family in lung inflammation from exposure to environmental particles","volume":"5","author":"Thakur","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-271304","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages and pulmonary fibrosis are modulated by scavenger receptor, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure","volume":"29","author":"Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863","article-title":"The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: Update on Toll-like receptors","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sameer, A.S., and Nissar, S. (2021). Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): Structure, Functions, Signaling, and Role of Their Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility. BioMed Res. Int., 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1157023"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008587","article-title":"Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in inflammatory immune responses induced by fine and coarse ambient air particulate matter","volume":"86","author":"Shoenfelt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.018","article-title":"Inflammasome activators induce interleukin-1alpha secretion via distinct pathways with differential requirement for the protease function of caspase-1","volume":"36","author":"Gross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.24715","article-title":"Regulation of TLR4 in silica-induced inflammation: An underlying mechanism of silicosis","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-021-00432-z","article-title":"Nanomaterial- and shape-dependency of TLR2 and TLR4 mediated signaling following pulmonary exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials in mice","volume":"18","author":"Danielsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2010.504243","article-title":"High aspect ratio materials: Role of surface chemistry vs. length in the historical \u201clong and short amosite asbestos fibers\u201d","volume":"22","author":"Tomatis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.06.012","article-title":"Multi-walled carbon nanotube induced frustrated phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory conditions in macrophages are length dependent and greater than that of asbestos","volume":"29","author":"Boyles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00339-9","article-title":"Long and short fiber amosite asbestos alters at a different extent the redox metabolism in human lung epithelial cells","volume":"193","author":"Riganti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs171","article-title":"The threshold length for fiber-induced acute pleural inflammation: Shedding light on the early events in asbestos-induced mesothelioma","volume":"128","author":"Schinwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0212-6","article-title":"Pyroptosis versus necroptosis: Similarities, differences, and crosstalk","volume":"26","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.02.006","article-title":"Gasdermin D in pyroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Burdette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108887","article-title":"Gasdermin D mediates the maturation and release of IL-1alpha downstream of inflammasomes","volume":"34","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03463-x","article-title":"Gasdermin D membrane pores orchestrate IL-1alpha secretion from necrotic macrophages after NFS-rich silica exposure","volume":"97","author":"Leinardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2070","article-title":"Pyroptosis: Host cell death and inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Bergsbaken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13937","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.534594","article-title":"Critical role of aquaporins in interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta)-induced inflammation","volume":"289","author":"Rabolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12621","article-title":"Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity","volume":"281","author":"Dinarello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-014-0069-x","article-title":"The alarmin IL-1alpha is a master cytokine in acute lung inflammation induced by silica micro- and nanoparticles","volume":"11","author":"Rabolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq281","article-title":"Effect of size fractionation on the toxicity of amosite and Libby amphibole asbestos","volume":"118","author":"Duncan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6861","DOI":"10.1021\/nn200595c","article-title":"Long, needle-like carbon nanotubes and asbestos activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through a similar mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Palomaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-39","article-title":"Asbestos and erionite prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome that stimulates autocrine cytokine release in human mesothelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Hillegass","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Militello, G.M., Gaggero, L., and La Maestra, S. (2021). Asbestiform Amphiboles and Cleavage Fragments Analogues: Overview of Critical Dimensions, Aspect Ratios, Exposure and Health Effects. Minerals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/min11050525"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2016.2573","article-title":"Elemental analysis of histological specimens: A method to unmask nano asbestos fibers","volume":"60","author":"Scimeca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2023.100332","article-title":"Detection of fine asbestos fibers using fluorescently labeled asbestos-binding proteins in talc","volume":"12","author":"Nishimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.09.020","article-title":"An evaluation of the risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma from exposure to amphibole cleavage fragments","volume":"52","author":"Gamble","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01127.x","article-title":"Endogenous toll-like receptor ligands and their biological significance","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6978936","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6978936","article-title":"The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Infectious and Noninfectious Inflammation","volume":"2016","author":"Molteni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2259","article-title":"Molecular pathways: Targeting mechanisms of asbestos and erionite carcinogenesis in mesothelioma","volume":"18","author":"Carbone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19521-9","article-title":"Macrophage sensing of single-walled carbon nanotubes via Toll-like receptors","volume":"8","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.6058","article-title":"MARCO is the major binding receptor for unopsonized particles and bacteria on human alveolar macrophages","volume":"175","author":"Arredouani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29968","article-title":"Protection against inhaled oxidants through scavenging of oxidized lipids by macrophage receptors MARCO and SR-AI\/II","volume":"117","author":"Dahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.12.012","article-title":"Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a dynamic adhesive molecule that enhances uptake of carbon nanotubes by CHO-K1 cells","volume":"259","author":"Hirano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16848","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4253","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma","volume":"6","author":"Benedetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.12.002","article-title":"TNF and ROS Crosstalk in Inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Blaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115035","article-title":"Caspases 3 and 7: Key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis","volume":"311","author":"Lakhani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"L813","article-title":"Asbestos induces apoptosis in human alveolar macrophages","volume":"271","author":"Hamilton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2019.105245","article-title":"Chrysotile asbestos induces apoptosis via activation of the p53-regulated mitochondrial pathway mediated by ROS in A549 cells","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v20.i2.10","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling in macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90222-C","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor\u2019s cytotoxic activity is signaled by the p55 TNF receptor","volume":"73","author":"Tartaglia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00792-3","article-title":"Death by TNF: A road to inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Bertrand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0356OC","article-title":"Asbestos-induced MKP-3 expression augments TNF-alpha gene expression in human monocytes","volume":"39","author":"Tephly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130077","article-title":"Journey to the centre of the lung. The perspective of a mineralogist on the carcinogenic effects of mineral fibres in the lungs","volume":"442","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"415","article-title":"The pathogenicity of long versus short fibre samples of amosite asbestos administered to rats by inhalation and intraperitoneal injection","volume":"67","author":"Davis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"International Programme on Chemical Safety & World Health Organization (1986). Asbestos and Other Natural Mineral Fibres."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.9.606","article-title":"Chemical differences between long and short amosite asbestos: Differences in oxidation state and coordination sites of iron, detected by infrared spectroscopy","volume":"56","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114578","article-title":"Non-asbestiform elongate mineral particles and mesothelioma risk: Human and experimental evidence","volume":"230","author":"Goodman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-25","article-title":"Ascorbic acid pre-treated quartz stimulates TNF-alpha release in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages through ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation","volume":"10","author":"Scarfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00613","article-title":"Ascorbic Acid-A Potential Oxidant Scavenger and Its Role in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance","volume":"8","author":"Akram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00049","article-title":"Acute Exposure to Crystalline Silica Reduces Macrophage Activation in Response to Bacterial Lipoproteins","volume":"7","author":"Beamer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747404","article-title":"The Gasdermin-D pore acts as a conduit for IL-1beta secretion in mice","volume":"48","author":"Heilig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918507","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.918507","article-title":"Cigarette smoke-induced gasdermin D activation in bronchoalveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells dependently on NLRP3","volume":"13","author":"Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0383OC","article-title":"B lymphocytes are critical for lung fibrosis control and prostaglandin E2 regulation in IL-9 transgenic mice","volume":"34","author":"Arras","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01279296","article-title":"Trans-plasma membrane electron transport: A cellular assay for NADH- and NADPH-oxidase based on extracellular, superoxide-mediated reduction of the sulfonated tetrazolium salt WST-1","volume":"205","author":"Berridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn072","article-title":"Nominal and effective dosimetry of silica nanoparticles in cytotoxicity assays","volume":"104","author":"Lison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07425-1","article-title":"STING-dependent sensing of self-DNA drives silica-induced lung inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Benmerzoug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420067-8.00016-7","article-title":"Preparation of cells for microscopy using cytospin","volume":"533","author":"Koh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01044.x","article-title":"Caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cell death","volume":"243","author":"Miao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/20\/15145\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:06:16Z","timestamp":1760130376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/20\/15145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242015145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242015145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]}}}