{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:07:26Z","timestamp":1790888846069,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"INAIL-BRIC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001533 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001533 2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With more than 466 million people affected, hearing loss represents the most common sensory pathology worldwide. Despite its widespread occurrence, much remains to be explored, particularly concerning the intricate pathogenic mechanisms underlying its diverse phenotypes. In this context, metabolomics emerges as a promising approach. Indeed, lying downstream from molecular biology\u2019s central dogma, the metabolome reflects both genetic traits and environmental influences. Furthermore, its dynamic nature facilitates well-defined changes during disease states, making metabolomic analysis a unique lens into the mechanisms underpinning various hearing impairment forms. Hence, these investigations may pave the way for improved diagnostic strategies, personalized interventions and targeted treatments, ultimately enhancing the clinical management of affected individuals. In this comprehensive review, we discuss findings from 20 original articles, including human and animal studies. Existing literature highlights specific metabolic changes associated with hearing loss and ototoxicity of certain compounds. Nevertheless, numerous critical issues have emerged from the study of the current state of the art, with the lack of standardization of methods, significant heterogeneity in the studies and often small sample sizes being the main limiting factors for the reliability of these findings. Therefore, these results should serve as a stepping stone for future research aimed at addressing the aforementioned challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:38:42Z","timestamp":1697294322000},"page":"15188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Systematic Review on Metabolomics Analysis in Hearing Impairment: Is It a Possible Tool in Understanding Auditory Pathologies?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2728-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Malesci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry (Audiology and Vestibology Service), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4453-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Spin off Company of the University of Salerno, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology \u201cA. Zambelli\u201d, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"},{"name":"European Institute of Metabolomics (EIM) Foundation ETS, G. Puccini, 2, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Abenante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Spin off Company of the University of Salerno, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fratestefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Spin off Company of the University of Salerno, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0614-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry (Audiology and Vestibology Service), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Fetoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry (Audiology and Vestibology Service), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2962-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theoreo srl, Spin off Company of the University of Salerno, Via Degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology \u201cA. Zambelli\u201d, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"},{"name":"European Institute of Metabolomics (EIM) Foundation ETS, G. Puccini, 2, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00516-X","article-title":"Hearing Loss Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability, 1990\u20132019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"397","author":"Haile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00034-X","article-title":"Neurocognitive Factors in Sensory Restoration of Early Deafness: A Connectome Model","volume":"15","author":"Kral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-993","article-title":"A Review of New Insights on the Association between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline in Ageing","volume":"36","author":"Fortunato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. 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