{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:27:25Z","timestamp":1791919645840,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente Annual Program 2024"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactate represents the main product of pyruvate reduction catalyzed by the lactic dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Cancer cells utilize great quantities of glucose, shifting toward a glycolytic metabolism. With the contribution of tumor stromal cells and under hypoxic conditions, this leads toward the acidification of the extracellular matrix. The ability to shift between different metabolic pathways is a characteristic of breast cancer cells and is associated with an aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, the preliminary scientific evidence concerning the levels of circulating lactate in breast cancer points toward a correlation between hyperlactacidemia and poor prognosis, even though no clear linkage has been demonstrated. Overall, lactate may represent a promising metabolic target that needs to be investigated in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1697699736000},"page":"15369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Significance of Microenvironmental and Circulating Lactate in Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenza","family":"Frisardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Neuromotor Department, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Canovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit and Oncological Metabolic Centre, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Frazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Directorate, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2014IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocianova, E., Piatrikova, V., and Golias, T. 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