{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:40:11Z","timestamp":1789663211937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Unit and The Blood Cell Research Group of the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital","award":["751700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["751700"]}]},{"name":"The Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo","award":["751700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["751700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, diagnosing and stratifying dry eye disease (DED) require multiple tests, motivating interest in a single definitive test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for using tear fluid extracellular vesicle (EV)-RNA in DED diagnostics. With a role in intercellular communication, nanosized EVs facilitate the protected transport of diverse bioactive molecules in biofluids, including tears. Schirmer strips were used to collect tears from 10 patients presenting with dry eye-related symptoms at the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic. The samples comprised two groups, five from patients with a tear film break-up time (TBUT) of 2 s and five from patients with a TBUT of 10 s. Tear fluid EV-RNA was isolated using a Qiagen exoRNeasy Midi Kit, and the RNA was characterized using Affymetrix ClariomTM D microarrays. The mean signal values of the two groups were compared using a one-way ANOVA. A total of 26,639 different RNA transcripts were identified, comprising both mRNA and ncRNA subtypes. Approximately 6% of transcripts showed statistically significant differential abundance between the two groups. The mRNA sodium channel modifier 1 (SCNM1) was detected at a level 3.8 times lower, and the immature microRNA-130b was detected at a level 1.5 times higher in the group with TBUT 2 s compared to the group with TBUT 10 s. This study demonstrates the potential for using tear fluid EV-RNA in DED diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1697786552000},"page":"15390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["RNA Profiles of Tear Fluid Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Dry Eye-Related Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tanya","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reidun","family":"\u00d8vsteb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berit Sletbakk","family":"Brusletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie Siebke","family":"Tr\u00f8seid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole Kristoffer","family":"Olstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8937-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trude","family":"Aspelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9683-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine Joan","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Arendal, 4838 Arendal, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor Paaske","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Arendal, 4838 Arendal, Norway"},{"name":"The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0369 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, 3103 T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari Bente Foss","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullev\u00e5l, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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